Business
External Influences on Consumer Behavior SaGa is a European fashion store chain that specializes in accessible, trendy clothes and accessories for men and women. Its target audience includes fashion-conscious young men and women, ages 16-30. After success in Europe, SaGa is getting ready to launch its flagship stores in five U.S. markets-New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, and Miami. Based on its product offerings, SaGa is targeting millennials (those born between 1982 and 2000, also called gen Y). As a group, millennials are open to making impulse purchases, and are socially connected as demonstrated by their use of Twitter to tweet about products and brands. Also, based on its "accessible" price for its fashion offerings, Saga is targeting middle-to upper-middle-class millennials. SaGa's advertising agency of record was excited about the impending launch campaign in the U.S. and its first-ever foray into the American market, which is heavily influenced by celebrity and pop culture. The agency was developing a campaign that focused on "usage occasion"the ad would show a group of friends, in their 20s, getting together for a Friday night out in the city. A social occasion such as a night out with friends, combined with the setting of a city street lined with trendy clubs and restaurants, highlighted a perfect usage occasion for wearing fashionable clothes from SaGa. In the ad, the friends walk through a busy city street that has a party atmosphere, and pass several other people whose fashion sense is not as trendy as theirs. As they pass these people, the contrast between their group and the other people is highlighted by the use of muted, fading colors (for the other people) versus bright and pleasing colors (for the group of friends wearing SaGa). The agency was thus contrasting those who do not wear SaGa, a dissociative group, with those who do. Meanwhile, Raza, a high-end fashion store chain in Europe, is planning to enter the Japanese market. RaZa's promotional strategy decisions include highlighting the purchase situation in their ads by showing the exclusive boutique store atmosphere, and by using international supermodels that denoted an aspirational group for their target audience. RaZa targeted older and more affluent consumers compared to SaGa; their target market consisted of upper-class gen X'ers in Japan (those born between 1946 and 1976). RaZa's research revealed that the Japanese culture understood and respected high-end fashion. The consumer does not make purchase decisions in isolation. A number of external factors have been identified that may influence consumer decision-making, such as culture, subcultures, social class, reference groups, and situational determinants. Match the various external (or environmental) influences on consumer behavior to the relevant situations in SaGa's promotional decisions. Then match these external influences to examples found in RaZa's decisions. Born between 1965-1976 SaGa's Promotional Decisions External Influences Examples of External on Consumer Influence from Behavior RaZa's Promotional Decisions Affluent consumers Exclusive boutique-like shopping atmosphere Decision to launch in America, which represented a new culture, compared to their existing markets. Supermodels Target consumers: millennials Situational determinants Target consumers: middle and upper-middle class Social class Ads featured people that the target consumers identify with (associative groups), and also people that the target group does not belong to (dissociative groups). Subculture Ads featured a typical usage occasion for SaGa's product offerings - a Friday night out with friends. Japanese appreciation for high-end fashion Reference groups Culture
Presented below is information related to Cheyenne Corp. for the year 2017.Net sales $1,307,700 Write-off of inventory due to obsolescence $84,810Cost of goods sold 783,400 Depreciation expense omitted by accident in 2016 44,900Selling expenses 70,400 Casualty loss 46,800Administrative expenses 57,500 Cash dividends declared 41,910Dividend revenue 24,700 Retained earnings at December 31, 2016 1,018,730Interest revenue 7,450 Effective tax rate of 34% on all itemsPrepare a separate retained earnings statement for 2017. (List items that increase adjusted retained earnings first.) CHEYENNE CORP. Retained Earnings Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Retained Earnings, January 1, as reported Correction for Overstatement of Net Income in Prior Period Retained Earnings, January 1, as adjusted Add:Net Income/(Loss) Less . Dividends Declared Retained Earnings, December 31
Beasley Industries' sales are expected to increase from $5 million in 2019 to $6 million in 2020, or by 20%. Its assets totaled $3 million at the end of 2019. Beasley is at full capacity, so its assets must grow in proportion to projected sales. At the end of 2019, current liabilities are $740,000, consisting of $160,000 of accounts payable, $450,000 of notes payable, and $130,000 of accrued liabilities. Its profit margin is forecasted to be 4%, and its dividend payout ratio is 50%. Using the AFN equation, forecast the additional funds Beasley will need for the coming year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.$ The AFN equation assumes that ratios remain constant. However, firms are not always operating at full capacity so adjustments need to be made to the existing asset forecast. Excess capacity adjustments are changes made to the existing asset forecast because the firm is not operating at full capacity. For example, a firm may not be at full capacity with respect to its fixed assets. First, the firm's management must find out the firm's full capacity sales as follows:Next, management would calculate the firm's target fixed assets ratio as follows:Finally, management would use the target fixed assets ratio with the projected sales to calculate the firm's required level of fixed assets as follows:Required level of fixed assets = (Target fixed assets/Sales) Projected salesQuantitative Problem 2: Mitchell Manufacturing Company has $1,600,000,000 in sales and $310,000,000 in fixed assets. Currently, the company's fixed assets are operating at 70% of capacity.A. What level of sales could Mitchell have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.$ B. What is Mitchell's Target fixed assets/Sales ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.%C. If Mitchell's sales increase by 60%, how large of an increase in fixed assets will the company need to meet its Target fixed assets/Sales ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest dollar.$
Terms of a lease agreement and related facts were: a. Incremental costs of commissions for brokering the lease and consummating the completed lease transaction incurred by the lessor were $6,652. b. The retail cash selling price of the leased asset was $550,000. c. Its useful life was three years with no residual value. d. The lease term is three years and the lessor paid $550,000 to acquire the asset. e. Annual lease payments at the beginning of each year were $200,000. f. Lessors implicit rate when calculating annual rental payments was 9%. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, PVA of $1, FVAD of $1 and PVAD of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided.) Required: 1. Prepare the appropriate entries for the lessor to record the lease and related payments at its beginning, January 1, 2018. 2. Calculate the effective rate of interest revenue after adjusting the net investment by initial direct costs. 3. Record any entry(s) necessary at December 31, 2018, the fiscal year-end.
Headland Mining Company purchased land on February 1, 2020, at a cost of $1,169,500. It estimated that a total of 52,800 tons of mineral was available for mining. After it has removed all the natural resources, the company will be required to restore the property to its previous state because of strict environmental protection laws. It estimates the fair value of this restoration obligation at $96,300. It believes it will be able to sell the property afterwards for $107,000. It incurred developmental costs of $214,000 before it was able to do any mining. In 2020, resources removed totaled 26,400 tons. The company sold 19,360 tons. Compute the following information for 2020. A) Per unit mineral cost.B) Total material cost of December 31, 2020, inventory.C) Total material cost in cost of goods sold at December 31, 2020.
Trevor is a single individual who is a cash-method, calendar-year taxpayer. For each of the next two years (2020 and 2021), Trevor expects to report AGI of $80,000, contribute $8,000 to charity, and pay $2,800 in state income taxes.Required:a. Estimate Trevors taxable income for 2020 and 2021 using the 2020 amounts for the standard deduction for both years. b. Now assume that Trevor combines his anticipated charitable contributions for the next two years and makes the combined contribution in December of 2020. Estimate Trevors taxable income for each of the next two years using the 2020 amounts for the standard deduction. c. Trevor plans to purchase a residence next year, and he estimates that additional property taxes and residential interest will cost $2,000 and $10,000, respectively, each year. Estimate Trevors taxable income for each of the next two years (2020 and 2021) using the 2020 amounts for the standard deduction and also assuming Trevor makes the charitable contribution of $8,000 and state tax payments of $2,800 in each year. d. Trevor plans to purchase a residence next year, and he estimates that additional property taxes and residential interest will cost $2,000 and $10,000, respectively, each year. Assume that Trevor makes the charitable contribution for 2021 and pays the real estate taxes for 2021 in December of 2020. Estimate Trevors taxable income for 2020 and 2021 using the 2020 amounts for the standard deduction.
During 2017, its first year of operations as a delivery service, Sarasota Corp. entered into the following transactions. 1. Issued shares of common stock to investors in exchange for $103,000 in cash. 2. Borrowed $45,000 by issuing bonds. 3. Purchased delivery trucks for $61,000 cash. 4. Received $18,000 from customers for services performed. 5. Purchased supplies for $4,900 on account. 6. Paid rent of $5,400. 7. Performed services on account for $12,000. 8. Paid salaries of $26,100. 9. Paid a dividend of $11,200 to shareholders.Required:Show the effect of each transaction on the accounting equation.
Tulip Company produces two products, T and U. The indirect labor costs include the following two items: Plant supervision $700,000 Setup labor (indirect) 300,000 Total indirect labor $1,000,000 The following activity-base usage and unit production information is available for the two products:Number of setups Direct Labor Hours UnitsProduct T 200 20,000 900Product U 200 30,000 1,100Total 400 50,000 2,000(a) Determine the single plantwide factory overhead rate, using direct labor hour as the activity base.(b) Determine the factory overhead cost per unit for Products T and U, using the single plantwide factory overhead rate.(c) Determine the activity rate for plant supervision and setup labor, assuming that the activity base for supervision is direct labor hours and the activity base for setup is number of setups.(d) Determine the factory overhead cost per unit for Products T and U, using activity-based costing.(e) Why is the factory overhead cost per unit different for the two products under the two methods?
Money, Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $200,000. Earnings before interest and taxes, EBIT, are projected to be $26,000 if economic conditions are normal. If there is strong expansion in the economy, then EBIT will be 12% higher. If there is a recession, then EBIT will be 25% lower. Money is considering a $65,000 debt issue with an interest rate of 6 percent. The proceeds will be used to repurchase shares of stock. There are currently 10,000 shares outstanding. Ignore taxes for this problem.a-1. Calculate earnings per share, EPS, under each of the three economic scenarios before any debt is issued. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))a-2. Calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.)b-1. Calculate earnings per share (EPS) under each of the three economic scenarios assuming the company goes through with recapitalization. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))b-2. Given the recapitalization, calculate the percentage changes in EPS when the economy expands or enters a recession. (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))