Why are small quantities of chlorofluorocarbons so harmful to the ozone layer? a. The chlorofluorocarbons act like ultraviolet radiation causing large amount of ozone to be produced. b. The chlorine from the chlorofluorocarbons reacts with free molecules of oxygen causing a stop in ozone production. c. Free oxygen atoms can replace the chlorine in chlorine monoxide, releasing a free atom of chlorine which can then recombine with an oxygen atom in ozone, destroying more ozone. d. Chlorofluorocarbons absorb ultraviolet radiation, preventing the formation of ozone.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Why are small quantities of chlorofluorocarbons so harmful to the ozone layer?  Free oxygen atoms can replace the chlorine in chlorine monoxide, releasing a free atom of chlorine which can then recombine with an oxygen atom in ozone, destroying more ozone.

Explanation:

Answer 2

The statement for small quantities of chlorofluorocarbons so harmful to the ozone layer is "Free oxygen atoms can replace the chlorine in chlorine monoxide, releasing a free atom of chlorine which can then recombine with an oxygen atom in ozone, destroying more ozone."

What is ozone layer?

The ozone layer is a thin layer of air in the Earth's atmosphere that absorbs nearly all of the sun's damaging UV radiation.

What is CFCs?

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are harmless and nonflammable compounds made up of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms.

The earth's protective ozone layer is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons, which shield the earth from damaging ultraviolet (UV-B) rays released by the sun. CFCs and HCFCs also warm the earth's lower atmosphere, causing global climate change.

When some substances are exposed to high UV radiation in the stratosphere, they emit chlorine or bromine. Ozone-depleting chemicals are compounds that contribute to ozone depletion (ODS). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are examples of ODS that produce chlorine. Halons and methyl bromide are two ODS that emit bromine.

Because there isn't much ozone in the atmosphere, what little there is is critical for protecting the Earth's surface from excessive UV light from the Sun. It turns out that it reacts with chlorine, which means that chlorine effectively eliminates ozone.

When the chlorine in CFCs combines with ultraviolet light, it releases chlorine, which then reacts with ozone, reducing the protection humans get from ultraviolet light, allowing more CFCs to release chlorine, and so on. Multiple ozone molecules will interact with one free chlorine atom, which is free because UV light has hit the CFC molecule. As a result, the damage it can cause is likely to be significantly more than you might imagine.

Hence the correct option is c.

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Related Questions

Which of these elements is most likely to be a colorless gas based on the type of element? Al, Pd, Ar, Cs

Answers

Answer:

Al (Aluminum)

Element X has two natural isotopes. The isotope with a mass of 10.012 amu (10X) has a relative abundance of 19.91%. The isotope with a mass of 11.009 ammu (11X) has a relative abundance of 80.09%. Calculate the atomic mass of this element.

Answers

Answer:

10.81

Explanation:

you can see the answer at the pic

Identify the reactants and products, and describe the change in energy that occurs as bonds are broken and formed.

Answers

Answer:

Chemical reactions almost always have a change in energy between products and reactants. The total energy of a system must remain the same and sometimes a chemical reaction will absorb or release energy as light, heat or both. The energy change in a chemical reaction is caused by the amount of stored energy between the products and the reactants.

Explanation:

Which phrase best describes igneous rocks?
form when lava and magma cool

accumulate sediments following erosion

require heat and pressure to be formed

consist of many sediment layers
ctivity

Answers

Answer:

A) form when lava and magma cool

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Answer:

A: form when lava and magma cools

Explanation:

Got it right on Edge 2020 :)

explain the effect of temperature, pressure, volume and concentration reaction rate

Answers

When you increase the pressure, the molecules have less space in which they can move. That greater density of molecules increases the number of collisions. When you decrease the pressure, molecules don't hit each other as often and the rate of reaction decreases. Pressure is also related to concentration and volume.

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Stan gets frustrated while working on his math homework, and he tears his paper into several pieces. What kind of change has his
paper gone through?

Answers

Answer:

Physical Change

Explanation:

What is a physical change? A physical change is a change to the physical—as opposed to chemical—properties of a substance. They are usually reversible. The physical properties of a substance include such characteristics as shape (volume and size), color, texture, flexibility, density, and mass.

Which best explains what happens during crossing over?

The chromosomes have electrical connections that allow them to line up randomly.
Paired chromosomes overlap and portions of DNA switch between chromosome.
Genetic material is switched because the chromosomes line up independently.
Chromosomes line up randomly and cross genetic information between unpaired chromosomes.

Answers

Answer:

Chromosomes line up randomly and cross genetic information between unpaired chromosomes.

Explanation:

Answer:

d.

Explanation:i took the quiz on edge 2020

Which landform is created by glaciers? A. sandbar B. moraine C. alluvial fan (will give brainliest to the best answer)

Answers

Answer: B: Moraine

Explanation:

In which region is the substance in both the solid phase and the liquid phase?
1 2 3 4

Answers

Answer:

its 2 on ed I promise do not listen to the brainiest

Explanation:

Answer:

B)2

Explanation:

Describe cycling or movement of water throughout earths spheres. Explain why the process is considered a cycle. Write a complete paragraph (five complete sentences minimum) in order to receive full credit for this activity

Answers

Answer:

This process is considered as a cycle because it continues and dosent stops. This process includes the evaporation of watet from earth surface due to heat.this water is converted in to water vapours. After reaching clouds it condences back. When the clouds become heavy with watef it falls back on earth as rain.and the process repeats.

Explanation:

Please Answer. What is the density of an object that has a mass of 13g and a volume of 25 cm3?

Answers

Density = Mass/Volume
13/25=0.52g/cm3

Answer:

The density of object is 0.52 g/cm³

Explanation:

Given data:

Density of object = ?

Mass of object = 13 g

Volume of object = 25 cm³

Solution:

Formula:

d = m/v

d = 13 g/ 25 cm³

d = 0.52 g/cm³

Thus, the density of object is 0.52 g/cm³.

The modern synthesis combined the concepts of _______ and evolution.

Answers

Answer:

Molecular Evidence.

at room temperature oxygen gas travels at 393.5 meters per second. How fast does oxygen travel in mile per hour ?

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen travels in 1,416,600

Explanation:

The density of cadmium is 8.65 g/mL, what is the volume of a 33.4 g object made of pure cadmium?

Answers

Answer:

Volume = 3.86 ml (Approx)

Explanation:

Given:

Density of cadmium = 8.65 g/ml

Mass of pure object = 33.4 g

Find:

Volume pure cadmium

Computation:

Volume = Mass / Density

Volume = 33.4 / 8.65

Volume = 3.86 ml (Approx)

2. Ultraviolet radiation has a frequency of 6.8 x 10'5Hz. Calculate the energy, in
joules, of the photon.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]E=4.5\times 10^{-18}\ J[/tex]

Explanation:

It is given that, the frequency of Ultraviolet radiation is [tex]6.8\times 10^{15}\ Hz[/tex]

We need to find the energy of the photon. The formula for the energy of a photon is given by :

[tex]E=hf\\\\\text{Where h is Planck's constant}\\\\E=6.63\times 10^{-34}\times 6.8\times 10^{15}\\\\E=4.5\times 10^{-18}\ J[/tex]

So, the energy of the photon is [tex]4.5\times 10^{-18}\ J[/tex].

Which components are part of all scientific investigations? Check all that apply.

Answers

Answer:

Steps of a scientific investigation include 1. make observation

2. ask a question

3. form a hypothesis

4. test the hypothesis

5. analyze results

5 , drawing conclusions,

6. and communicating the results

What are some things that uses oxygen

Answers

Answer:

Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.

What is true about the formation of a bond?

Answers

Answer:

There is an overall release of energy when bonds form.

Explanation:

There is a general release of energy when bonds form. This energy is called bond energy.

Bond energy is involved in the breakdown or formation of one or more bonds between atoms of a molecule. Atoms bond with each other to achieve their electronic stability, that is, they move from a higher energy situation to a lower energy one. With this we can state that when the bond between atoms is formed, energy is released; therefore, its breakdown depends on energy absorption.

How much space does 2 x 10^22 atoms of copper take up?

Answers

Answer:

2.35mL

Explanation:

The amount of space a substance holds is its volume.

Density = mass (g) /volume (L)

Where;

mole = mass/molar mass

Since 1 mol of Cu contains 6.022 × 10^22 atoms.

There are 2 x 10^22/6.022 × 10^22 moles in 2 x 10^22 atoms of copper

2 x 10^22/6.022 × 10^22

2/6.022 × 10^(22-22)

0.332 × 10^0

0.332mol

Mole = mass/molar mass

0.332 = mass/63.5

mass = 63.5 × 0.332

mass = 21.08g

Density = mass/volume

Density of copper (Cu) is 8.96 g/cm³

8.96 = 21.08/v

V = 21.08/8.96

V = 2.35mL or cm³

what are the units for the volume of a solid volume of a liquid ​

Answers

Answer:Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.

Explanation:

Which of the following presents the steps of the engineering process in the correct order?
1.Identify a need, make a plan know the background, do the work, test the results, evaluate and redesign
O
2. dentify a need, know the background, do the work, make a plan, evaluate and redesign, test the results
3. Know the background, identify a need, make a plan, evaluate and redesign, do the work, test the results
4.Identify a need, know the background, make a plan, do the work, test the results, evaluate and redesign

Answers

Answer:

4

Explanation:

I got it right

The engineering process in the correct order "Identify a need, know the background, make a plan, do the work, test the results, evaluate and redesign"

What is engineering process?

At an industrial level, process engineering is just the understanding as well as application of fundamental natural principles and laws that allow people to transform raw materials along with energy into products that seem to be beneficial to society.

What is redesign?

Redesign, in terms of building, is the procedure of finding a solution to such a project. this includes then writing instructions that allow such a solution to be built.

The engineering process in the correct order "Identify a need, know the background, make a plan, do the work, test the results, evaluate and redesign"

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how many atoms in a sugar cube

Answers

Answer:

Sugar is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It's the way these atoms are connected that makes each type of carbohydrate different. In each molecule of table sugar there are: 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

In a sugar molecule, there are 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen atoms.

Calculate the volume in milliliters of a 5.05-g sample of a solid with a density of 3.25 g/mL.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 1.55 mL

Explanation:

The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula

[tex]volume = \frac{mass}{density} \\ [/tex]

From the question

mass = 5.05 g

density = 3.25 g/mL

We have

[tex]volume = \frac{5.05}{3.25} \\ = 1.5538461...[/tex]

We have the final answer as

1.55 mL

Hope this helps you

what causes the tides

Answers

Answer:

Gravity causes tides

Explanation:

(Please try to answer my most recent question!!!!!)

Ore deposits contain high amounts of
A) water
B) volcanic magma
C) metals
D) minerals

Answers

Our deposits contain high amounts of metals

The letters ROYGBIV represent the colors of visible light. Arrange them in order of:
Increasing energy

Answers

Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Violet: 400 - 420 nm.

Indigo: 420 - 440 nm.

Blue: 440 - 490 nm.

Green: 490 - 570 nm.

Yellow: 570 - 585 nm.

Orange: 585 - 620 nm.

Red: 620 - 780 nm.

Hope this helps

A student drops a 95g object into a graduated cylindor that has 30ml of water in it. After the object is added to the cylinder the water level reads 63ml. What is the density of the object? ​

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 2.88 g/mL

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ [/tex]

From the question

mass = 95g

volume = final volume of water - initial volume of water

volume = 63 - 30 = 33 mL

We have

[tex]density = \frac{95}{33} \\ = 2.87878787...[/tex]

We have the final answer as

2.88 g/mL

Hope this helps you

A student compared some chemical and physical properties of three pure substances. Her
data are recorded in the chart above. What is a logical conclusion the student can draw
about hare substances?
Pure substances have the same chemical and physical properties.
Pure substances have the same chemical properties, but different physical properties.
O Pure substances have the different chemical properties, but the same physical properties.
O Pure substances have different chemical and physical properties.

Answers

Answer:

letter b not c

Explanation:

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Write a complete, balanced chemical equation where tin metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce tin(II) chloride and hydrogen gas. Include states.

From the equation, which element is oxidized, and which element is reduced?

Answers

Answer:

1. The balanced equation is given below:

Sn (s) + 2HCl (aq) –> SnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

2a. H is oxidized.

2b. Sn is reduced.

Explanation:

1. Balanced equation for the reaction between tin (Sn) metal and aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce tin(II) chloride (SnCl₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂).

This is illustrated below:

Sn (s) + HCl (aq) –> SnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

There are 2 atoms of Cl on the right side and 1 atom on the left side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of HCl as shown below:

Sn (s) + 2HCl (aq) –> SnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

Now, the equation is balanced

2. Determination of the element that is oxidize and reduced.

This can be obtained as follow:

We shall determine the change in oxidation number of each element.

NOTE:

a. The oxidation number of H is always +1 except in hydrides where it is –1.

b. The oxidation state of Cl is always –1.

Sn (s) + 2HCl (aq) –> SnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

For Tin (Sn):

Sn = 0

SnCl₂ = 0

Sn + 2Cl = 0

Cl = – 1

Sn + 2(–1) = 0

Sn – 2 = 0

Collect like terms

Sn = 0 + 2

Sn = +2

Therefore, the oxidation number of Tin (Sn) changes from 0 to +2

For H:

H = +1

H₂ = 0

The oxidation number of H changes from +1 to 0

For Cl:

Cl is always –1. Therefore no change.

Summary:

Element >>Change in oxidation number

Sn >>>>>>>From 0 to +2

H >>>>>>>>From +1 to 0

Cl >>>>>>>No change

Therefore,

Sn is reduced since its oxidation number increased from 0 to +2.

H is oxidized since it oxidation number reduced from +1 to 0

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

Sn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → SnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

and the element that oxidized is tin (Sn) while the element that is reduced is hydrogen (H)

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction where tin metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to produce tin(II) chloride and hydrogen gas is

Sn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → SnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

From the equation,

The element that is oxidized is tin (Sn), because the oxidation state of Sn increased from 0 to +2

The element that is reduced is hydrogen (H), because the oxidation state of H decreased from +1 to 0.

Hence,

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

Sn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → SnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)

and the element that oxidized is tin (Sn) while the element that is reduced is hydrogen (H).

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Describe what will happen to the pressure of the gas as the plunger is pushed in.

Answers

Answer:

The pressure of gas will increase.

Explanation:

The question above is related to "Boyle's Law." According to this law, provided that the temperature and amount of gas are stable, the absolute pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.

In this sense, if the plunger will be pushed in, the volume of the gas will definitely decrease due to lack of space while the pressure will increase because the molecules of the gas are colliding with each other. The greater the collision, the greater the pressure. This explains the answer above.

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