Total of $142,100 in manufacturing costs incurred during the year for Ruiz.Inc.
The total manufacturing costs incurred during the year for Ruiz Inc. can be calculated by adding the work in process at the beginning of the year (53,600), the direct materials used (14,300), the total factory overhead (7,300), and the direct labor used (28,300) to the work in process at the end of the year (38,800).
This gives us a total of $142,100 in manufacturing costs incurred during the year.
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a closed-end fund starts the year with a net asset value of $24. by year-end, nav equals $25.30. at the beginning of the year, the fund is selling at a 2% premium to nav. by the end of the year, the fund is selling at a 7% discount to nav. the fund paid year-end distributions of income and capital gains of $2.70.
As per the given information the fund's net asset value (NAV) increased by 5.3% ($25.30 - $24.00 = $1.30).
Since the fund was selling at a 2% premium to NAV at the beginning of the year, the fund was trading at an effective NAV of $24.48 ($24.00 x 1.02). By the end of the year, the fund was trading at a 7% discount to NAV, or an effective NAV of $23.62 ($25.30 x 0.93). The fund paid out distributions of $2.70, so the fund's total return for the year was 7.1% ($2.70/$23.62).
Hence the correct answer is 5.3%.
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During the sales-oriented era, firms found an answer to their _____ by adding salespeople to find new buyers.
During the sales-oriented era, firms found an answer to their overproduction by adding salespeople to find new buyers.
What were the key features of the market-oriented era?Market-driven era: a greater emphasis on serving client requirements and desires.
Marketing is about more than simply addressing needs and desires; customers also want a reasonable return on their investment.
Portrait and landscape are the two most popular orientations.
The phrase "portrait orientation" refers to the measurements used to capture a person's face and upper torso in a photograph; in such photographs, the height of the display area is bigger than the width.
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Specialization in production was the starting point for:A. The Wealth of Nations, by Adam Smith.
B. The General Theory, by John Maynard Keynes.
C. Das Kapital, by Karl Marx.
D. Free to Choose, by Milton Friedman.
Specialization in production was the starting point for The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith. His ideas are still relevant today, as many countries use a form of free-market capitalism to drive economic growth.
What do you know about Adam Smith?
Adam Smith was a Scottish philosopher and economist who is widely regarded as the founder of modern economics. He is best known for his 1776 book "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations", which is considered the first work of modern economics. Smith argued that the division of labour and the pursuit of self-interest would lead to economic prosperity. His ideas have had a profound influence on the way people think about economics, and his theories are still widely taught and studied today. He is also remembered for his ethical philosophy, which argued that people should be free to pursue their own interests and that governments should not interfere with this pursuit.
So, The required answer is A.
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Pretend that you are designing diversity training for your co-workers. What 3 concepts from this lesson would you include in this training and
why? Please support your response with specific examples from the text and the video (provide page numbers and time markers). Your initial
post must be a minimum of 6 sentences in length. Then provide 2-4 sentences of feedback to a minimum of 3 other posts.
In the preparation of a designing diversity training for co-workers, some important concepts that most be included in this training includes:
Understanding Implicit BiasIntersectionalityMicroaggressionsWhat do you mean by diversity training?Diversity training refers to any program that aims to promote positive intergroup interaction, reduce prejudice and discrimination, and teach people who are different from others how to work effectively together.
Understanding Implicit Bias in this training can help individuals recognize and challenge their own biases, leading to more inclusive and equitable workplace behavior.
Understanding intersectionality can help individuals understand and acknowledge the unique challenges that different groups of people face, as well as aid in the development of more inclusive and equitable policies and practices.
Understanding microaggressions can assist individuals in recognizing when they or others are engaging in harmful behavior, as well as in creating a more inclusive and equitable work environment.
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under nasaa rules, all of the following records must be retained for at least 5 years by a registered investment adviser except: cash receipts and disbursements order tickets written communications articles of incorporation
All of the records listed below must be kept by an RIA for at least five years, under NASAA regulations, EXCEPT: Constitutional documents
What is the nasaa's purpose?Members of NASAA issue licences to businesses and their representatives, look into infringements of federal, state, and local laws, bring legal action when necessary, and inform the public about investment fraud. Members of NASAA take part in information exchange and multi-state enforcement activities through the association. The NASAA model regulation was initially adopted by Maryland, Mississippi, and Vermont in 2021, requiring state-registered and federally covered investment advisor representatives to fulfil yearly continuing education obligations for the calendar year 2022. You can be certain that a product has been certified to the highest Australian standard when you see the NASAA Organic Label on it
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which of the following is not a determinant of demand or as we put in the content presentation, a demand shifter?
The market price is not a determinant of demand or a demand shifter. Demand shifters are factors that influence the quantity demanded of a good or service at each price level.
These factors include changes in consumer preferences, income levels, population, advertising, and prices of related goods (substitutes and complements).
However, the market price itself does not shift the demand curve; instead, it represents a point on the demand curve where the quantity demanded matches the market price.
Changes in price lead to movements along the demand curve, reflecting the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded, rather than causing a shift in demand itself.
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a flexible benefit plan allows an employee to allocate a predetermined amount of benefit dollars to various categories of benefits to design a benefit mix that best fits that employee's needs.
A. true
B. false
True. Flexible benefit plans allow employees to customize their benefits package to meet their individual needs.
Employees can choose from a variety of benefits, such as health insurance, retirement savings, and other types of insurance, and allocate a predetermined amount of benefit dollars to each category. This allows employees to design a benefit mix that best fits their needs and budget. A Flexible Benefits Plan (FBP) is part of an hand’s payment that gives them more control of which CTC factors they want to conclude-in for and how important under each element. With a growing focus on hand experience, companies these days are aware of the sweats and charges incurred by workers and use flexible benefits for bodying the payment structure and maintaining an hand-friendly culture. A Flexible Benefit Plan is nominated ‘ flexible because the company can fix or regulate packages as per Govt obedience, company morals, and the hand’s position.
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products the customer had not planned to buy
but were at the right place at the right time;
sales may be lost if customers do not see
these items at the right place and right time
Answer:
These are called impulse purchases. They are products that customers did not plan on buying, but due to their placement and timing, they decided to purchase them. Retailers strategically place these items in areas where customers are likely to see them, such as near the checkout or in high-traffic areas. It is important for retailers to ensure that these items are visible and easily accessible to customers, as sales can be lost if they are not. Additionally, retailers may use various marketing techniques to encourage customers to make impulse purchases, such as offering discounts or special deals.
according to the fasb conceptual framework, which of the following is an essential characteristic of an asset?
The essential characteristic of an asset, according to the FASB Conceptual Framework, is that it is a resource with present service potential that is controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Conceptual Framework defines an asset as a "probable future economic benefit obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past transactions or events." The essential characteristics of an asset, as defined by the FASB, include: control, potential to produce future economic benefits, past transactions or events, and some uncertainty or risk that the potential economic benefits will not be realized. Control is the most important characteristic of an asset. An entity must have the ability to direct the use of, or obtain the benefits of, an asset. Potential to produce future economic benefits is the second characteristic of an asset. This means that an asset must have the potential to generate future economic benefits, such as cash flows or other forms of value. The third characteristic of an asset is that it must have resulted from a past transaction or event.
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Both global and world systems theorists predict that we are nearing the end of the capitalist era as we know it.True or False
True, A consensus has formed among global and world systems theorists that the current phase of capitalism is about to collapse.
Industrialization of mass companies like the cloth industry in England during the 16th and 18th centuries paved the way for capitalism, a system in which surplus capital is spent to boost output.
The development that set capitalism apart from other systems was the preference for investing surplus capital in expanding productive capacity rather than in economically inefficient endeavors like the construction of pyramids and cathedrals. Several moments in history served to inspire this trait.
These regimes' national power policies created the unified monetary and legal frameworks essential to economic growth and allowed for the gradual transition from public to private sector initiative.
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at point a, the slope of the curve is 2,500 , which means that the plane isascending at a rate of2,500 feet per minute. (hint: calculating the slope, pay extra attention to the units of analysis.)
The slope of the blue curve represents the rate of ascent of the plane. Feet per minute is the unit of measurement for the slope of the curve.
The slope of the curve at point A is 2,500, indicating that the plane is ascending at a rate of 2,500 feet per minute.
Slope calculation. Choose two points along the curve. Assume a point A with a height of 5,000 feet and a time of 3 minutes, and another point with a height of 0 and a time of 1 minute.
Slope calculation = (5,000 - 0)/(3 - 1)
Slope calculation = 5,000 / 2
Slope calculation = 2,500 feet per minute
The slope of the curve at point B is 5,000, indicating that the plane is ascending at a rate of 5,000 feet per minute.
Slope calculation. Choose two points along the curve. Assume point B has a height of 25,000 feet and a time of 8 minutes, and another point has a height of 30,000 feet and a time of 9 minutes.
Slope calculation = (30,000 - 25,000)/(9 - 8)
Slope calculation = 5,000 / 1
Slope calculation = 5,000 feet per minute.
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Which of the scattergraph plots above suggests a mixed cost relationship between direct labor-hours and manufacturing overhead?
The statement graph indicates a mixed cost association between direct labor hours and machine hours. It is growing.
The Scattergraph approach is what?In order to anticipate and budget for future expenses, its scattergraph (or scatter plots) approach is a visual tool used in accounting for distinguishing the fixed and fluctuating components of a sub expense (also known as a mixed cost).
What is the name of a scatter plot?Another name for a plot is an XY graph, scatter chart, or scattergram. The scatter diagram displays the relationship between pairs of numerical data by graphing them with one element on each axis.
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third-party payers use our coding data to determine how much they should pay health care professionals for the attention and services they provide patients
The statement above is refers to reimbursement. It is because the third-party payers should pay for the attention and services they provide patients.
In economic and business, Reimbursement generally can be defined as a condition when a business pays back an employee, client, or other people for money they spent out of their pocket or for overpaid money. There are several examples of reimbursement, such as getting money back for business costs, insurance premiums, and overpaid taxes, and others. There are also some examples of reimbursement in the business and identified as employee's reimbursement, such as business expenses, auto mileage and travel, medical expenses, and employee stipends.
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calculate the cost of goods manufactured using the following information: direct materials used $ 299,900 direct labor used 133,400 factory overhead costs 265,400 general and administrative expenses 86,900 selling expenses 50,200 work in process inventory, january 1 119,900 work in process inventory, december 31 127,300 finished goods inventory, january 1 233,500 finished goods inventory, december 31 240,100
Direct materials: 299,900 dollars. 133,400 people work directly. 265 400 in factory overhead expenses. 86,900 was spent on general and administrative costs. Selling costs came to $52,000.
What are common materials?
$ 299,900 worth of direct materials 133,400 people work in direct labor. The cost of factory overhead is 265 400. 86,900 was spent on overhead costs in general. 50,000 in selling costs. The term "common material" refers to any excavated material that is not "topsoil," "rock," or man-made hard material. Sample 1: "Common Material" refers to components that are processed, packaged, and tested for use in Buyer-owned devices as well as devices owned by the Supplier or one of its other clients.
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Eunice is cramming for finals and has only six hours of study time left! Her goal is to get as high an average grade as possible over three subjects: economics, mathematics, and statistics. She must decide how to allocate her remaining study time among the three subjects. Based on the best estimates she can make, her grade in each subject will depend on the time allocated studying it according to the following schedule: Economics Mathematics Statistics Hours Hours Grade 20 45 65 Hours Grade 40 Grade 80 67 74 78 81 80 95 97 98 83 92 Her two best friends, Larry and Moe, advise her as follows Larry: Study Stats with the remaining six hours, because you'll get the highest grade possible there over all of the three subjects Moe: Study Economics with the remaining six hours, because you'll see the largest increase in your score there over all of the three subjects
Their courses can concentrate on learning theories, "college knowledge," or study techniques. They may have had high school graduates among their pupils.
Which of the following is true regarding power?Response and Justification: The right response is c) If A has the ability to affect B's conduct, then A is said to have power over B. The ability to influence or have an impact on others is referred to as power.
A statement example is what?A statement, such as "Pizza is tasty," asserts the truth of a certain proposition. The legal, banking, and governmental sectors all use different forms of statements. Every sentence contains a claim or a purpose.
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managers normally cannot determine what products to make or what services to offer, which methods of advertising are most effective, which prices will help their firm realize its target return on investment (roi), and which distribution system will add the greatest value to the supply chain. T/F
Managers normally cannot determine what products to make or what services to offer, - False
In management, making decisions is essential. Making decisions is crucial to the planning process. The manager determines the objectives that an organisation wishes to pursue throughout the planning. Managers are in charge of choosing what commodities to produce or provide, the best advertising strategies, the prices that will enable the company to achieve its target return on investment, and the distribution strategy that will bring the most value to the supply chain.
Managers are the people with the required knowledge, resources, and power to make these decisions, which are essential for a company's success. They are in charge of coming up with and putting into action the strategies that will aid the business in achieving its overall goals.
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Consider the following recorded data available for a firm regarding the fleet of automobiles and accidental losses and answer the question that follow. Year No. of Automobiles No. of Accidents Monetary Loss 1 10 3 Birr 3,000 2 13 3 3,900 3 16 4 4,600 4 19 4 5,300 5 22 4 5,400 6 23 4 5,600 7 27 5 6,200 8 35 6 6,000 The firm is going to run 40 automobiles next year (A) Determine the probability of an accident and the loss per accident (B) Construct Poisson probability distribution (C) What are the expected number of accidents and that of monetary loss? (D) What is the probability that the firm will face losses totaling 10,000 or more? (E) What is the probability that the firm facing some accident? (F) Determine the standard deviation of an accidents and establish the range of an accidents taking 2 SD as a measure of risk (G) Calculate Rm and Rn and interpret the result (H) Compute the standard deviation of monetary loss and establish the range of monetary loss taking 1 SD as a measure of risk (I) Assume the number of exposure units increased to 40, 60, and 100 from year 10 to 12 respectively and show how risk decreases with the increase in the number of cars
When a distribution has a Poisson shape, its mean is denoted by the symbol, and e is a constant that has a value of roughly 2.71828.
The probability of a Poisson distribution can be determined in what way?When a distribution has a Poisson shape, its mean is denoted by the symbol, and e is a constant that has a value of roughly 2.71828. The Poisson probability is hence P(x, ) =(e- x)/x! The mean is denoted by E(X) = in a Poisson distribution.Both the mean and the variance are lambda () for a Poisson distribution. The standard error is determined using the formula sqrt( /n), where is the Poisson mean and n is the sample size or total exposure (total person years, total time observed, etc.). By multiplying z(/2) by sqrt(/n), one may find the confidence interval.In cases where there are a lot of potential outcomes, the Poisson distribution formula is used.To learn more about probability refer to:
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A well-designed value proposition possesses four characteristics. Which of the following is NOT one of those characteristics?
It distinguishes the company from its rivals in a way that is challenging to replicate. It offers the highest product quality in every aspect of quality.
What did replicate mean?
The original experiment was rerun by researchers. biology. A cell, an organism, or DNA can be produced in its exact form by replicating it. Frequently, content is either divided into chunks and stored over m peers or entirely copied at a peer. Instead, it is how he puts the description within a desublimation logic that mimics and inverts the logic of normative discourses that is of relevance. Furthermore, trading in financial market instruments cannot always mimic certain of these risk elements.
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if someone had invested $1 in 1930 they would have the most amount of money today if they had chosen:
If someone had invested $1 in 1930 they would have the most amount of money today if they had chosen to invest in stocks.
What Is an Investment?Investments are things or assets that are bought with the hope of making money or appreciating in value. An asset's value increasing over time is referred to as "appreciation." When someone purchases something as an investment, they don't expect to utilise it right away; instead, they want to use it to profit in the future. A typical definition of an investment is the use of a resource today—time, effort, money, or an asset—in the hope of earning a higher return than what was first invested. An investor, for instance, might purchase a financial asset now in the hopes that it would provide income later or be sold for greater money.
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then identify and explain two distinct successes and two distinct failures of the reconstruction era
The fundamental goal of the Reconstruction era was to make sure that the divided country could be quickly united again after the war struggle.
President Andrew Johnson, who fought with radical Republicans in Congress over the course of the period after President Lincoln was assassinated, eventually took on the nascent Reconstruction movement.
The American Civil War came to an end on April 9, 1865, when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to then-Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. This marked the beginning of the Reconstruction era. Following an earlier agreement between Democrats and Republicans in Washington, the Reconstruction era would endure until March 31, 1877. As Democrats gained control of the South, the Compromise of 1877 would be the catalyst for the end of the Reconstruction era in America.
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You are given data on aluminum prices to make predictions on aluminum prices based on market changes. Aluminum is input and component of your cost structure. You find that when the price increased from 2 dollars to 10 dollars, the quantity supplied increased from five to seven. • Please use the midpoint formula and the information provided to select the appropriate inferences. The elasticity of supply is 1, and it is unit elastic. O The elasticity of supply is .25, and it is inelastic. The elasticity of supply is 5, and it is elastic. O The elasticity of supply is 2.5, and it is elastic.
The correct option is A The elasticity of supply is 1, and it is unit elastic. How sensitively a good's supply is to price fluctuations is determined by its price elasticity of supply.
The percentage change in quantity delivered divided by the percentage change in price is used to compute it. Price elasticity of supply refers to the percentage change in quantity supplied as a result of a particular percentage change in the commodity's own price. It is calculated by dividing the percent change in quantity provided by the percent change in price of the commodity. Supply is elastic if its price elasticity is larger than 1. Supply is unit elastic if its price elasticity is equal to.
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fill in the blank. a postindustrial economy is based on___, which is the provision of services rather than goods as a primary source of livelihood for workers and profit for owners and corporate shareholders. group of answer choices primary sector production secondary sector production tertiary sector production quaternary sector production
A postindustrial economy is based on tertiary sector production, services rather than goods as a primary source of livelihood for workers and profit for owners and corporate shareholders so option C is correct .
This sector of the frugality is concentrated on furnishing services to the general public, similar as healthcare, banking, education, tourism, retail, entertainment, and hospitality. It's different from primary sector product, which involves the birth of raw accoutrements from the terrain, and secondary sector product, which is the manufacturing of finished goods from raw accoutrements .
Quaternary sector product is a more recent development that involves conditioning similar as exploration, development, and invention. In a postindustrial frugality, the tertiary sector plays an decreasingly important part in creating profitable openings and furnishing employment to people.
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while deciding if and how to open a restaurant in an eastern european country, mark researched the local conditions in different countries. he looked at the country's laws regarding private property and whether the country treated foreign citizens differently in this regard. interestingly, a few countries did not allow foreign citizens to own property. he decided that he would only invest in a country where he could own the building the restaurant is in, because he likes to be independent. if many foreign investors are like mark, then countries where foreign citizens cannot own private property will:
If numerous foreign investors behave similarly to Mark, nations whose foreign nationals are prohibited from owning private property will Experience slower growth as a result of the absence of foreign investors.
Why are foreign investors important?Over and beyond providing fresh funds, foreign investment offers other advantages. It increases our total export performance by opening up more export options by bringing new businesses with connections in other markets. A natural person or business from a third nation who intends to make or has already made a foreign direct investment is referred to as a foreign investor.
Investment occurs when money is used to purchase assets like real estate, machinery, buildings, etc. Foreign investments are when money is invested by MNCs into businesses located in other nations.
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A sales executive at Universal containers wants to be notified whenever high-value opportunities are created for hot accounts. How should an administrator meet this requirement?
Create the workflow rule on opportunity object.
Create an escalation rule based on the opportunity amount.
Create an auto-response rule on the opportunity amount.
Create a validation rule that evaluates the account rating
Create the workflow rule on opportunity object if a sales executive at Universal containers wants to be notified whenever high-value opportunities are created for hot accounts.
What is workflow rule?To save time throughout your organisation, you can automate routine internal processes and procedures using workflow rules. A set of workflow instructions is primarily included in a workflow rule. An if/then statement can always condense these instructions. A workflow is a method for organising routine chores and operations that take place in a specific order. They are the means by which individuals and organisations carry out their tasks, whether they involve the production of goods, the rendering of services, the processing of data, or any other value-creating activity. Workflows can be used to automate and streamline repetitive business operations, reducing opportunity for error and boosting overall effectiveness. This therefore significantly boosts your company's performance. Managers can make decisions more quickly and intelligently, and employees have more freedom to work together in a more productive and agile way.
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which of the following characterizes the nations that have been classified by the World Bank as high-income economies?
a. These are mostly information-based and postindustrial countries.
b. These countries have high fertility rates.
c. These countries have socialist economic systems.
d. Most people of these countries reside in suburban areas.
The correct response is a. These are mostly information-based and postindustrial countries.
The development of several new technologies and numerous novel service forms is a product of post-industrialized society. Examples of post-industrial society innovations include ridesharing and food delivery services. Post-industrial capitalism is described in this article as an economic system where information, communication, and aesthetics are the most significant inputs and outputs of economic activity. Within an industrialized economy or country, a post-industrial economy is a period of expansion where the proportional importance of manufacturing declines and that of services, information, and research increases. Deindustrialization is a process of social and economic change brought on by the elimination or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a nation or region, particularly in the heavy or manufacturing sectors.
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which of the following activities is most likely part of a typical work day for diane? monitoring long-term business trends that may have an impact on the organization reviewing the weekly schedule to see which shifts she is assigned to work reviewing departmental performance to determine whether managers are meeting their goals congratulating an employee on a job well done
checking departmental performance to see if managers are accomplishing their objectives. The answer is option (b).
What is the Department of performance?Performance reviews or evaluations are used to communicate the needs and goals of the organization for the future year, as well as to track employee development and satisfaction. The annual performance review process aims to improve working relationships, foster interaction, provide valuable feedback on work performance, provide such a historical record of achievement, and support career development.
A management examines an employee's job performance, recognizes strengths & flaws, provides comments, and sets objectives for future performance during a performance review, which is a testing process. Performance assessments and appraisals are other names for performance evaluations.
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You purchased a share of stock for $35. One year later you received $2.55 a dividend and sold the share for $34. Your holding period return was ____
A. -7.29 percent
B. -4.56 percent
C. 4.43 percent
D. 7.50 Percent
The Holding Period Return = (Ending price -Beginning Price +Dividend)/Beginning. Thus, the holding period return was 4.43 per cent.
What is Holding Period Return?
The total return earned from holding an asset or portfolio of assets for a given amount of time is therefore known as the holding period return. This return is typically expressed as a percentage. Based on total returns from the asset or portfolio, holding period return is computed (income plus changes in value). It is especially helpful for comparing the returns of assets kept for various lengths of time.
The holding period affects the tax consequences and runs from the day after the security is acquired to the day it is sold or disposed of. For instance, on January 2, 2016, Sarah purchased 100 shares of stock. She starts counting on January 3, 2016, to determine the length of her holding period.
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on february 23rd 20x8, jennings corp. entered into an agreement with billings co. to receive a series of interest payments in us dollars based on a fixed interest rate starting on february 23rd 20x9. which of the following best describes the reason jennings would enter into this agreement? Question 14 options:
A. Jennings Co. is hedging against future increases in interest rates by locking in a rate today.
B. Jennings Co. believes the value of the US dollar will rise with respect to interest rates in the near future.
C. Jennings Co. believes the value of the US dollar will fall with respect to interest rates in the near future.
D. Jennings Co. believes that global interest rates will rise in comparison to those in the US economy.
The correct option is A. Jennings Co. is hedging against future increases in interest rates by locking in a rate today.
In relation to the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed, the amount of interest due each period is expressed as an interest rate (called the principal sum). The total amount of interest on a loaned or borrowed sum is determined by the principal amount, the interest rate, the frequency of compounding, and the period of time during which it is lent, deposited, or borrowed. A rate over a year is called an annual interest rate. However, they are typically annualized. Other interest rates apply over shorter time frames, such a day or a month. An index of preferences has been used to describe the interest rate.
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what will be the result of a market price above the equilibrium level? select the correct answer below: shortage surplus excess demand perfect balance in the market
Price over equilibrium causes a shortfall in the market because quantity demand falls while quantity supply rises.
It is a state of affairs in which conflicting forces or acts are in balance. These forces or activities could be static (such as when a body is subjected to forces with zero consequences) or dynamic (such as in a reversible chemical reaction) when the rates of reaction in both directions are equal) If you enjoy action movies or science fiction, Equilibrium will not let you down. It does everything it does really well. A turbocharged form of intellectual entertainment, Equilibrium combines style and substance. People are less likely to connect with one another and are more susceptible to manipulation when they lack emotions. Although ultimate tranquilly and "harmony" may be desired, they rob people of the emotions associated with being alive.
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What is a complete portfolio ?
Consider the following information about a risky portfolio that you manage and a risk-free asset: E(rp) = 11%, σp = 15%, rf = 5%
Your client wants to invest a proportion of her total investment budget in your risky fund to provide an expected rate of return on her overall or complete portfolio equal to 8%. What proportion should she invest in the risky portfolio, P, and what proportion in the risk-free asset?
What will be the standard deviation of the rate of return on her portfolio?
Another client wants the highest return possible subject to the constraint that you limit his standard deviation to be no more than 12%. Which client is more risk averse?
(_ )=8%=5%+×(11%−5%)⇒=(0.08−0.05)/(0.11−0.05)=0.5
_=×_=0.50×15%=7.5%
The first client is more risk averse, preferring investments that have less risk as evidenced by the lower standard deviation.
Suppose that you are a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the economy is experiencing an 8 percent inflation rate. Unemployment is at the full-employment level and the target interest rate is currently 4 percent.
a. If the economy is experiencing a sharp rise in inflation, as a member of the Board of Governors, you would recommend
decreasing the federal funds rate.
setting the federal funds rate equal to the discount rate.
setting the federal funds rate equal to zero.
increasing the federal funds rate.
b. To lower the inflation rate to 4 percent, you recommend contracting the supply
increasing the reserve ratio, the IOER rate, or the discount rate, or selling bonds.
decreasing the reserve ratio, increasing the IOER rate or the discount rate, or buying bonds.
increasing the reserve ratio, decreasing the IOER rate or the discount rate, or selling bonds.
decreasing the reserve ratio, the IOER rate, or the discount rate, or buying bonds.
c. The recommendations you provided above would
reduce the lending ability of the banking system, decrease the real interest rate, and increase investment spending, aggregate demand, and inflation.
increase the lending ability of the banking system, decrease the real interest rate, and increase investment spending, aggregate demand, and inflation.
reduce the lending ability of the banking system, increase the real interest rate, and reduce investment spending, aggregate demand, and inflation.
increase the lending ability of the banking system, decrease the real interest rate, and reduce investment spending, aggregate demand, and inflation.
a. If the economy is experiencing a sharp rise in inflation, as a member of the Board of Governors, you would recommend increasing the federal funds rate.
b. To lower the inflation rate to 4 percent, you recommend contracting the supply by decreasing the reserve ratio, increasing the IOER rate or the discount rate, or selling bonds.
c. The recommendations you provided above would reduce the lending ability of the banking system, increase the real interest rate, and reduce investment spending, aggregate demand, and inflation.
The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which banks lend money to each other overnight. The Federal Reserve can use several tools to contract the money supply, which will help to reduce inflation. One of these tools is the reserve ratio, which is the percentage of deposits that banks are required to hold in reserve. By increasing the reserve ratio, the Federal Reserve can make it more difficult for banks to lend money, which will decrease the money supply and slow down the economy.
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