Yunis and Samaha coined the phrase "inclusion body myositis" in 1971.
Vacuoles and filamentous inclusions are a common pathogenic feature of sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM) and hereditary inclusion body myopathies (h-IBM), two different illnesses. They show a wide range of clinical manifestation, age of onset, concomitant disorders, and prognosis when taken as a whole. The subject of this article is s-IBM. The reader is pointed in the direction of other sources for discussion of h-IBM.
In 1971, Yunis and Samaha coined the name "inclusion body myositis" to describe a case of myopathy that phenotypically resembled chronic polymyositis but revealed inclusion bodies and cytoplasmic vacuoles upon muscle biopsy. The disorder has gained more attention in the years since and better histologic techniques have led to an increase in the recognition and reporting of s-IBM.
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"degenerative muscle disease inclusion body myositis" article was created by Mazen M. Dimachkie, M.D. and Richard J. Barohn, M.D.
In their article, they talk about A group of rare diseases known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has a lot in common with one another. Dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), necrotizing myopathy (NM), and sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) are a few examples of these conditions. Chronic proximal leg and distal arm asymmetric muscle weakness is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy after age 50 in inclusion body myositis.
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which food provides the most energy per gram? a. a glass of wine b. a soft drink c. an apple d. skinless chicken breast
A glass of wine provides the most energy per gram.Wine provides around 7 calories of energy per gram. So a glass of wine of 100 ml gives nearly 87 calories of energy.
Soft drinks add very few calories to the diet which is about 40 calories in 100 ml. An unpeeled apple weighing 100 grams gives around 52 calories. Skinless chicken breast has about 284 calories per 100 grams.
When alcohol is consumed, it provides more energy than the chief energy source carbohydrates. So, it is first utilized by the body to get rid of alcohol from the body.
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A glass of wine can provide high amount of energy per gram. In general Wine provides around 7 calories of energy per gram. So a glass of wine of 100 ml can provide nearly 87 calories of energy.
If we talk about Soft drinks they add very less amount of calories to the diet that is about 40 calories in 100 ml. Calories from an unpeeled apple weighing 100 grams gives around 52 calories. Whereas Skinless chicken breast has about 284 calories per 100 grams.
On consuming alcohol, it provides more energy than the chief energy source carbohydrates. So, it is first utilized by the body to get rid of alcohol from the body.
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An ______ forms myelin sheaths around the axons of several central nervous system neurons.
An Oligodendrocytes forms myelin sheaths around the axons of several central nervous system neurons.
The myelinating cells of the central nervous system are oligodendrocytes (CNS). They are the result of a cell lineage that must go through an intricate and carefully timed series of processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination in order to generate the insulating sheath of axons. Myelin, a multilayered membrane sheath spirally wrapped around axonal segments and well known for its role in facilitating rapid saltatory impulse transmission, is assembled by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS).
Schwann cells are neuroglia that are comparable to oligodendrocytes in the peripheral nervous system.
Myelin, an expanded membrane from the cell that securely envelops axons, is produced by oligodendrocytes as their primary purpose.
The primary component supporting the messages neurons give and receive is glial cells.
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An oligodendrocyte forms myelin sheaths around the axons of several central nervous system neurons.
A type of insulation known as myelin forms around nerves, particularly those in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. It frequently consists of proteins and fats. Its primary function is to speed up the transmission of electrical impulses throughout the nervous system. In the CNS, myelin sheaths are made by oligodendrocytes, whereas in the PNS, they are made by Schwann cells.
The ganglia of the spinal and cranial nerves contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons, which are called unipolar neurons.
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what is the term used to describe when hunger diminishes as food enters the gi tract and stomach receptors stretch and activate hormones like cck?
Satiation is the term used to describe when hunger diminishes as food enters the gi tract and stomach receptors stretch and activate hormones like cck.
When meal is absorbed, the GI tract releases the hormones insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK), which work to stifle appetite. Due to its function in blocking neuropeptide Y, CCK is essential in the suppression of appetite. During fasting, levels of glucagon and epinephrine increase and increase appetite. The hormone ghrelin, which the stomach produces, increases hunger. Blood nutrient levels, GI tract hormones, psychological variables, and brain signals from the GI tract all play a role in the short-term control of hunger and food intake. Through the vagal nerve fibers that transmit signals between the brain and the gastrointestinal system, the brain may assess the contents of the gut in one way.
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Satiety is the term used to describe when hunger subsides as food enters the gastrointestinal tract, stretching stomach receptors and activating hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK).
When a meal is ingested, the gastrointestinal tract releases the hormones insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK), which suppress appetite. Due to its ability to block neuropeptide Y, CCK is essential for appetite suppression. During fasting, glucagon and epinephrine levels increase, increasing appetite. Ghrelin, a hormone produced by the stomach, increases hunger. Blood nutrient levels, gastrointestinal hormones, psychological variables, and brain signals from the gastrointestinal tract all play a role in the short-term control of hunger and food intake.The vagus nerve carries signals between the brain and the gastrointestinal system. The fibers allow the brain to assess the contents of the intestine in some way.
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Which of the following could be used in the definition to describe Environmental
Science?
Environmental science is a branch of science that studies the relationship between organisms and their environment.
A part of science that encompasses topics such as climate change,
energy, endangered species, land use, and more.
An example would include a student studying water pollution might
collect and analyze samples from lakes and streams to discover how pollution impacts these ecosystems.
All of the options describe
Environmental Science.
Only two of the options describe Environmental Science.
Environmental Science is the scientific study of the environment and the interactions between physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, as well as the effects of human activities on these components.
Which of the following could be used in the definition to describe Environmental Science?The scientific study of the interactions between living organisms and their environmentThe study of the physical, chemical and biological processes that occur in the environmentThe study of the effects of human activities on the environmentThe study of the development of sustainable practices for environmental management.It is a multidisciplinary field, incorporating elements of ecology, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, atmospheric science, and other sciences. Environmental Science integrates knowledge from the physical and life sciences with the goal of understanding and managing the impact of humans on the environment.It provides scientific insights for policy-makers and the public to develop strategies for dealing with environmental issues, such as global warming, air and water pollution, energy conservation, land use, and waste management.The study of Environmental Science also includes the understanding of natural resources and their management, the effects of human activities on ecosystems, and the development of sustainable practices for dealing with environmental problems.To learn more about Environmental Science refer to:
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Why is the compass needle oriented as it is in the diagram?
• A. Its north pole is attracted
to Earth's magnetic north pole.
B. Its north pole is attracted to the north pole of the magnet.
O
C. Its
north pole is attracted to the south pole of the magnet.
D Its south pole is attracted to the south pole of the magnet.
The law of attraction applies to magnets. This fact indicates that a compass's north end magnet is drawn to the southern magnetic pole.
Why is the Earth's north pole drawn to by a compass needle?A. Its magnetic north pole is drawn to the magnetic north pole of Earth. B. The north pole is drawn to the magnet's north pole. O C. The north pole was drawn to the magnet's south pole. D Its southern pole is drawn to the magnet's south pole.
Do south and north magnets have an attraction?The north and south poles are present in every magnet. They were drawn to one another when we place teh north pole with one magnet close to a south pole of another. Similar pole of two magnets that are placed close to one another (either northern to or south to southern) will repel one another.
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discuss the importance of the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration to life on earth.
Carbon dioxide is drawn from the atmosphere by photosynthesis while it is released into the environment via cellular respiration.
Around the world, cellular respiration and photosynthesis exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen, assisting in maintaining constant amounts of both gases in the atmosphere. It will be clear that photosynthesis and cellular respiration have the opposite effects if you look at the equations for both processes.
One process's reactants become the other's products. Around the biosphere, matter and energy are moved via biochemical processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration. These two processes result in the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between living things and their environment. A plant's ability to grow, develop, and survive depends on both photosynthesis and respiration.
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what type of bond is very strong and is used to make the cells, tissues, and organs. (c02ob03) question 5 options: 1) ionic 2) covalent
The type of bond that is very strong and is used to make cells, tissues, and organs is a covalent bond.
Thus, the correct option is (2) covalent.
There аre four types of bonds or interаctions: ionic, covаlent, hydrogen bonds, аnd vаn der Wааls interаctions. Ionic аnd covаlent bonds аre strong interаctions thаt require а lаrger energy input to breаk аpаrt.
Covаlent bond form when а pаir of electrons is shаred between two elements аnd аre the strongest аnd most common form of chemicаl bond in living orgаnisms. Covаlent bonds form between the elements thаt mаke up the biologicаl molecules in our cells. Unlike ionic bonds, covаlent bonds do not dissociаte in wаter. There аre two types of covаlent bonds: polаr аnd nonpolаr.
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a wildtype allele and a mutant allele differ by a few nucleotides in the gene sequence for an important protein in neuron metabolism. in an individual who is a heterozygote, both the mutant and the wildtype proteins are synthesized in neurons. at the organismal level, the mutant allele is:
Wild type and mutant are recessive alleles. The allele that is not expressed when there is heterozygosity. untamed type a person with a typical phenotype.
the trait that is typically present in an organism's natural population. mutant a person who deviates from the typical phenotype in some way. The terms "wild type" and "mutant" refer to people with normal phenotypes shared by the bulk of the natural population, while "mutant" refers to those whose phenotypes deviate from those of the normal population. Melanocytes, a kind of cell, are responsible for producing the protein melanin. Melanin has a crucial role in shielding the skin from the sun's UV rays, which may damage DNA and lead to skin cancer. Albinism is brought on by both alleles of the gene being autosomal recessive. Recessive mutant alleles are those that result in proteins with diminished or nonexistent function.
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Both mutant and wild-type alleles are recessive. the allele that is silenced in a heterozygote situation. a person with a characteristic phenotype is the untamed type.
A characteristic that is frequently seen in an organism's natural population. a mutant is a person whose phenotype differs in some manner from the norm. "Wild type" and "mutant" refer to individuals whose phenotypes are similar to those of the majority of the natural population.
"Mutant" describes individuals whose phenotypes differ from those of the normal population. The cell type called melanocytes is in charge of making the melanin protein. Melanin is essential for protecting the skin from UV radiation, which can harm DNA and cause skin cancer.
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scientists suit up to collect information on the infected bats and the environmental conditions in the bats' roosting cave. is this observational or experimental science?
Scientists suit up to collect information on the infected bats and the environmental conditions in the bats' roosting cave is an observational science.
Scientists in observational science gather data by observing phenomena without actively controlling or manipulating them.
The scientists in this case are observing the infected bats as well as the environmental conditions in their roosting cave.
They gather information about the bats and their surroundings, but they do not actively control or manipulate the bats or their surroundings. They may be measuring specific variables, but they are not intervening to influence the outcome.
Experimental science, on the other hand, entails actively controlling and manipulating variables in order to test a hypothesis.
For example, scientists might randomly assign bats to different treatments and then compare the results to see if the treatment had an effect.
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directions: the suggested time for answering this question is about 22 minutes. where calculations are required, clearly show how you arrived at your answer. where explanation or discussion is required, support your answers with relevant information and/or specific examples. the active ingredients in many pesticides are chemical compounds that kill organisms such as insects, molds, and weeds. proponents claim that the use of pesticides improves crop yields and thus protects land and soil by reducing the conversion of forests and wetlands to cropland. opponents of pesticide use claim that pesticides degrade water and soil quality and that other modern agricultural techniques and practices are responsible for the improved crop yields in recent years. design a laboratory experiment to determine whether or not a new pesticide (product x) is toxic to minnows, a type of small fish. for the experiment you design, be sure to do all of the following. state the hypothesis. describe the method you would use to test your hypothesis. identify the control. identify the dependent variable. describe experimental results that would lead you to reject your hypothesis in part (a)(i). (be specific.) one strategy for dealing with agricultural pests is integrated pest management (ipm). describe ipm. as part of your description, include two specific pest-control approaches that are part of ipm. identify one environmental benefit of using ipm. describe two agricultural practices, other than those involving pest control, that increase crop yields.
The experiment would be designed around the hypothesis that higher concentrations of the new pesticide product X will result in more minnow deaths in the population.
In order to conduct this experiment, we needed four different tanks, each with fresh water and 20 minnows.In this experiment, tank 1 with no pesticide would serve as the control.Pesticide concentrations in tanks 2 and 3 were 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%, respectively.Every day, the number of minnows that died in each tank would be counted.The experiment should be carried out for 30 days.Pesticide concentration is an independent variable.The number of minnow deaths per day of exposure is the dependent variable.Based on the test design, we can determine whether a new pesticide (product X) is toxic to minnows, a type of small fish.Learn more about " experiment design " to visit here;
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A student uses a force of 46 newtons to push her 57 meters how much work has she done
Explanation:
W =fd
Work = force × distance
W =46 × 57
W = 2622 joules
a patient says it hurts when he urinates and he has blood in his urine
What does it mean when a patient says it hurts when he urinates and has blood in his urine?
This frequently happens as a result of a UTI, such as cystitis. Blood in urine can be caused by a number of dangerous diseases and situations.
The most typical ones are: Bladder infections (like cystitis), which frequently result in a burning pain when you pee. This ailment is frequently brought on by prostate issues, kidney stones, and urinary tract infections. Blood in the pee is a less frequent sign of a more serious disease. All men should visit their doctor if they notice blood in their urine for the first time. Hematuria is referred to as blood in the urine. The quantity might be so minute that it can only be found through urine testing or a microscope.
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what kind of electrical charge is found on the oxygen atom of a water molecule?
Answer:
Partial Negative.
Explanation:
Because of Hydrogen's partial positive charge in the molecule H2O, oxygen will attach to the partial positive charge in a covalent bond. For more information for understanding look into how bonds work and how negative and positive atoms interact with each other.
What i the correct biological term for the proce by which lime mould engulf food?
The correct biological term for the process by which lime mold engulfs food is phagocytosis.
Phagocytosis is the biological process by which certain cells, known as phagocytes, engulf and absorb other cells and particles.
It is a vital part of the immune system, as it allows phagocytes to recognize and engulf foreign particles, such as bacteria and viruses, and prevent them from causing harm to the body.
Phagocytosis can also occur in non-immune cells, such as lime mold. In this case, the phagocytes engulf and absorb food particles, enabling the lime mold to survive and proliferate.
This process is essential for the survival of the lime mold, as it allows it to obtain energy and nutrients from its environment.
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marfan syndrome is an autosomal disease in which 1 mutated allele of the fbn1 gene is sufficient to produce the affected phenotype. if a mother and a father without marfan syndrome reproduce, what is the probability that at least 1 of their 8 children will inherit the disease? a
Connective tissue, which involves the fibers that hold your organs and other components in place, is harmed by Marfan syndrome, a genetic illness.
An FBN1 gene mutation causes Marfan syndrome. The mutation restricts the body's ability to make the necessary proteins for connective tissue construction. Marfan syndrome is an asymptomatic disease that strikes one in four persons. The chance of a Marfan syndrome carrier passing it on to their offspring is one in two.
The faulty gene for Marfan syndrome is typically inherited from a parent who also has the condition. It is a 50/50 chance that the faulty gene will be inherited by each kid of an affected parent.
About 25% of those with Marfan syndrome have a bad gene that is inherited from neither parent.
So the syndrome is autosomal dominant, even if only one parent has it, a kid can inherit it. Therefore, there is a 50% risk that the child of a Marfan syndrome carrier will have the condition.
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1. Describe the important aspects of identifying species in the field. (pgs. 2-6)
According to Mayr, knowing whether there exists mutual reproduction within a population of organisms and if there are obstacles to reproduction with other organisms is the key to recognising species.
What is the definition of a species?In science, a biological species is a collection of creatures that can reproduce and have viable progeny. A species is a group of organisms composed of members of the same species susceptible of genetic recombination or gene exchange.
Species are both the most fundamental unit of categorization in biology and a systematic rank. A species is typically defined in nature as a collection of individuals who interbreed. In this view, a species is the greatest gene pool conceivable under environmental circumstances. A collection of closely related creatures that are remarkably similar to each other.
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The complete question is: Describe the important aspects of identifying species in the field of biology.
the moderator band is found on both the right and left side of the heart. True or False
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
The reason to this is because mostly moderator bands are found in the right side but rarely on the left.
In the 1970s, the U.S. government passed laws to protect the water supply.
Which of the following best describes something these laws were intended to
do?
OA. Protect wetlands from future development
OB. Return all wetlands to their original conditions
OC. Create new wetlands in each state
OD. Convert lakes into marshes and swamps
Answer:
A. Protect wetlands from future development
a doctor taps the right knee in an individual who was in a car accident and has sustained damage to the right dorsal root of the lower spinal cord. which motor response would you expect?
a doctor taps the right knee in an individual who was in a car accident and has sustained damage to the right dorsal root of the lower spinal cord. motor response would be left leg flexes.
The medulla oblongata in the brainstem and the lumbar part of the vertebral column both serve as the starting points for the spinal cord, a long, thin, tubular structure formed of nerve tissue (backbone). The central spinal canal, which houses cerebrospinal fluid, is enclosed by the backbone. The central nervous system, which is composed of the brain and spinal cord (CNS). In humans, the spinal cord starts at the occipital bone, travels through the foramen magnum, and then enters the spinal canal at the base of the cervical vertebrae. Between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, where it is terminated, is where the spinal cord extends downward.
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end-stage renal disease, or renal failure, indicates what level of kidney functioning? a. the kidneys can handle separating waste materials from the blood, but just barely. b. the kidneys have been transplanted. c. the kidneys can no longer function to separate waste materials from the blood. d. the kidneys are fully functional.
End- stage renal disease or renal failure indicates The kidneys can no longer function to separate waste materials from the blood.
When your estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) falls below 15, it indicates that your kidneys are failing or are on the verge of failing.
A creatinine level of more than 1.2 for women and more than 1.4 for males may indicate that the kidneys are not functioning properly. If your serum creatinine test results are greater than usual, your doctor may order additional testing.
When your kidneys lose their filtering capacities, harmful levels of fluid, electrolytes, and toxins can accumulate in your body. End-stage renal disease necessitates dialysis or a kidney transplant to keep you alive.
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menopause generally occurs in females after the age of ________.
Menopause generally occurs in females after the age of 50.
Menopause is the permanent end of menstruation and fertility, and marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. The average age at which menopause occurs is 51, but it can happen as early as the 30s or as late as the 60s. The onset of menopause is characterized by a decline in the production of estrogen and progesterone, which leads to changes in the menstrual cycle and eventually to the cessation of menstruation.
It's important to note that the age of menopause can be affected by a variety of factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, and medical conditions. Some women may experience menopause earlier or later than the average age.
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which projection best demonstrates pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint and trapezium?
The disease affecting the first carpometacarpal joint is best illustrated by the AP thumb, modified Robert's method, or projection.
An x-ray of the thumb AP projection is being examined using this particular projection. This shows a fracture and/or dislocation of the first CMC joint and is the best way to rule out Bernett's fracture in the first metacarpal. An additional elbow projection that is frequently utilized to more clearly show the radial head free from superposition is the elbow external oblique view.
Position: The patient is in whichever more comfortable position—standing or sitting. The thumb's dorsal aspect rests on the x-ray cassette thanks to the forearm's maximum internal rotation (hyperpronation). To prevent overlapping, fingers are extended away from the thumb.
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Correct Question:
What projection is used to best demonstrates pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint and trapezium?
the lipopolysaccharide (lps) that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is also known as
Since the O polysaccharide is missing from the "rough form" of LPS, its molecular weight is smaller. Instead, a short oligosaccharide known as Lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a glycolipid, is present.
This form is found in the outer membrane of several species of Gram-negative bacteria, including Neisseria spp. On the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide—a highly acylated saccharolipid—is found. Lipopolysaccharide is necessary to keep the barrier function in place, which stops the passive passage of hydrophobic solutes like antibiotics and detergents into the cell.
A representative pathogen-associated molecular pattern that enables mammalian cells to detect bacterial invasion and launch innate immune responses is bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria.
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are two types of reactions in metabolic pathways: anabolic and catabolic. a. which reactions release energy? b. which reactions consume energy? c. which reactions build up larger molecules? d. which reactions break down molecules?
Answer:
c which reactions build up larger
the greatest amount of heart health benefits come from a workout where a training heart rate is maintained between _________________ of its maximum heart rate, or the heart health level.
The greatest amount of heart health benefits come from a workout where a training heart rate is maintained between 50% -70% of its maximum heart rate, or the heart health level.
The maximum heart rate is about 220 minus the individual's age. In the age category close to the person, read across to find the target heart rates. Target heart rate during moderate intensity activities is about 50-70% of maximum heart rate, while during vigorous physical activity it's about 70-85% of maximum.
A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60- 100 beats per minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate of 40 beats per minute approximately.
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The greatest amount of heart health benefits come from a workout where a training heart rate is maintained between 50% -70% of its maximum heart rate, or the heart health level.
The maximum heart rate is about 220 minus the individual's age. In the age category close to the person, read across to find the target heart rates. Target heart rate during moderate intensity activities is about 50-70% of maximum heart rate, while during vigorous physical activity it's about 70-85% of maximum. A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60- 100 beats per minute. Generally, a lower heart rate at rest implies more efficient heart function and better cardiovascular fitness. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate of 40 beats per minute approximately.
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why some people have one trait and other people have the other. Be sure to use the terms allele and chromosome in your answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
Everyone has their own unique set of chromosomes which make up a gene. A different variation of gene is called an allele. These 'mutations' are caused by reproduction. A person with a certain trait who reproduces with another certain trait could create a child with both certain traits. The more people reproduce with other people the more varied traits there are.
E.g.
For example in the image (a Punnett square) there is one person with brown eyes, a dominant Brown allele and a recessive Blue allele hence Bb. The other has blue eyes with two recessive Blue alleles hence bb.
The offspring they produce will have a 50-50 chance of Blue or Brown eyes. Only two recessive alleles will allow a recessive phenotype to show whereas only one dominant allele is needed to show a dominant phenotype.
explain how Earth’s rotation is connected to daytime and nighttime.
Answer:
Earths rotation is connected to daytime and nighttime by how it spins on its axis. half of the earth with have light while the other half has no light
Earths rotation is connected to daytime and night-time as the Earth spins on its axis and rounds the sun once every 365 days.
Day and darkness are brought about by the planet's rotation on its axis rather than by the Earth orbiting the sun. The length of time it takes the Earth to complete one revolution around its axis is used to define one day, which includes both daytime and nighttime.
Every 24 hours, the Earth turns on its axis, bringing all of us with it. When we are on the side of the Earth that faces the Sun, we experience daylight. Darkness has descended as we are currently on the side of the Earth.
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The environment during Time Period 1 was very hot and rainy. Over time, the environment
became much drier. What can you conclude from this information?
a) The organism that became Fossil A was better adapted to a dry environment because there
is a large population of them in Time Period 1.
b) The environment became too dry for the organism that became Fossil B because there are
none of Fossil B in Time Period 1.
c) The organism that became Fossil C survived best in a rainy environment because there is a
large population of them in Time Period 3,
d) The organism that became Fossil C was best adapted for a dry environment because their
population increased in Time Period 3.
(b) The environment became too dry for the organism that became Fossil B because there are none of Fossil B in Time Period 1.
But because the majority of the soil is being destroyed, fossilization on land is extremely rare. Fossils can't be preserved unless there is deposition. Only in river valleys is deposition on land common. In sediments formed on river floodplains, fossils are rather frequent.
Some ocean habitats with animal life are subject to extremely powerful currents and waves. Strong water currents cause the hard body portions of a shelled animal to break and become worn after it dies. Frequently, the shells become little more than rounded sand or gravel grains, losing their fossilized appearance.
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does epigenetics interfere with transcription or translation
DNA alterations that impact nucleosome spacing and consequently transcription lead to epigenetic changes. They don't actually change the DNA sequence.
All of the cells in an organism have fundamentally the same DNA, but different cell types and functions result from qualitative and quantitative variations in the expression of their genes. Therefore, differentiation and development depend on the regulation of gene expression. Although it is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and different RNA-mediated processes primarily affect gene expression at the level of transcription, other stages of the process (such as translation) may also be regulated by epigenetic factors.
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Epigenetics do not directly interfere with transcription or translation process however it may affect the process of transcription indirectly.
Epigenetics changes take place because of the genetic modifications and tends to impact gene activity, nucleosome spacing and doesn't concern with any changes related to DNA sequencing.
Since generic changes can alter the protein form, hence it is often seen regulating the 'on' and 'off ' mechanism of gene expression.
This change in gene expression indirectly results in subsidual alternations in the process of transcription. There are various epigenetic processes influencing the process of gene expression, including DNA methylation, histone modification and other RNA mediated processes.
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which of the following best describes a chemical reaction
One or more chemicals, referred to as reactants, are changed into one or more new compounds, referred to as products, during a chemical reaction.
What is meant by Chemical Reaction?A chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals, known as reactants, into one or more new compounds, known as products. A chemical reaction is a process in which reactants interact chemically and turn into products.
A chemical reaction is the transformation of one or more chemicals into one or more other compounds. The atoms of the initial materials are rearrange during the reaction, creating new materials with new properties.
The process by which some compounds transform into other ones is known as a chemical reaction. Reactants are substances that cause a chemical reaction to occur. The products of a reaction are the substances that are created. Both reactants and products might be substances or elements.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B Chemical Reactions involve regrouping atoms or ions to form other substance.
The completed question is:
Which of the following best describes a chemical Reaction?
A. Chemical Reactions involve changing one or more substances into one or more different substances.
B Chemical Reactions involve regrouping atoms or ions to form other substance.
C. Chemical Reaction is the process wherein matter will not undergo chemical change.
D, Chemical Reaction can be represented by using a chemical equation.
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