Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere are the biological stages of the structure of living things, listed from the simplest to the most complex.
The cellular level is the earliest and most fundamental level of organization. The fundamental building block of life and indeed the smallest unit incapable of multiplication is the cell. Although the form and function of cells vary widely depending on the kind of species.
DNA, genes, and chromosomes are listed in size order, smallest to largest. The four various types with double DNA molecules that make up a chromosome are determined by the bases they are connected to. Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) are the four different kinds of DNA (C).
Mass spectrometry and Pcr degradation utilizing a protein sequencer are the two primary this to of protein sequencing (sequencer). The most used techniques now for protein sequence and recognition are mass spectrometry techniques.
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Levels of biological organization starting from smallest to largest organelle includes cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.
In general , organism level is considered as the highest level of organization. An organism is known as living being that includes cellular structure and can independently perform all physiologic process needed for life. Smallest level of organization is known as the cell. Next in row is tissue because it's more complex and are made from the group of cells, a group of tissue forms an organ, and a group of organs together known as organ system.
Similarly ,Ecosystems is also classified for the better understanding as They are organized from smallest to largest that includes organism, population, community, ecosystem.
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scientists are continually discovering and documenting new species, although the rate of discovery of new species varies by group. in general, how would the discovery and documentation of species new to science change your estimates of the numbers of species that are potentially threatened? why is the discovery of new species sometimes a critical conservation issue?
Scientists are continually discovering and documenting new species, although the rate of discovery of new species varies by group.The numbers of species that are potentially threatened because it is endagered sometimes a critical conservation issue.
Vulnerable unit referred to species that considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Endangered referred to new species that facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. It is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem.
Species critically endangered because they are loss of genetic variation and habitat. It is so important for us to protect our new species becuase it privodes healthy ecosystem which depend on plant and animal as well as for ecological cycle.
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if you were to divide a human head into equal parts using a frontal section and a transverse section, how and where would it be divided?
We were to divide a human head into equal parts using a frontal section and a transverse section into four parts; It would be divided verticаlly into аnterior аnd posterior portions, аnd horizontаlly аt аpproximаtely the top of the eаrs.
There аre three bаsic reference sections used in аnаtomy: the sаgittаl plаne, the coronаl plаne, аnd the trаnsverse plаne.
А coronаl or frontаl section divides the body into dorsаl аnd ventrаl (bаck аnd front, or posterior аnd аnterior) portions. А trаnsverse section, аlso known аs аn аxiаl plаne or cross-section, divides the body into crаniаl аnd cаudаl (heаd аnd tаil) portions. А sаgittаl section divides the body into sinister аnd dexter (left аnd right) portions.If we were to divide a human head into equal parts using a frontal section and a transverse section, it would be divided into 4 parts: verticаlly into аnterior аnd posterior portions, аnd horizontаlly аt аpproximаtely the top of the eаrs.
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What 3 animals eat both producers and consumers?
more young americans are dying, but not from vaccines.T/F
It's true that more American teenagers are passing away, but not because of immunizations.
The CDC advises against administering this vaccine to anyone who has a severe allergy (such as anaphylaxis) to any of the chemicals in the mRNA vaccine. People with sensitivities to specific foods, insects, latex, and other common allergens can receive the COVID-19 immunization without risk, according to the CDC. But after 30 years of work, there is still no AIDS vaccine.
There is no single influenza vaccine. There are no vaccines that offer long-lasting defense against tuberculosis or malaria. None for liver flukes, elephantiasis, hookworm, or Chagas disease. The main causes of death among teenagers are injuries (especially those from car accidents and drowning), violence, self-harm, infectious diseases such respiratory infections, and maternal disorders (complications from pregnancy).
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The main source of downward convection flow in the mantle is called _____ridge-pullslab-pullslab-pushridge-push
Slab - pull is the main source of downward convection flow in the mantle .
The force that a cold, dense oceanic plate exerts as it descends into the mantle as a result of its own weight is known as a slab-pull. Subduction is the term for this action.
The oceanic plate has a higher density than the hotter mantle underneath it, and because of this, the plate sinks into the mantle. A geophysical process known as slab pull occurs when a subducting tectonic plate cools and subsequently becomes denser, pulling the rest of the plate downward. A cold, solid oceanic plate that is being pulled into the mantle by its own weight is known as a slab. According to the hypothesis, the oceanic plate sinks into the mantle because it has a higher density than the hotter mantle underneath it.
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The primary cause of the mantle's downward convection flow is slab-pull.
A slab-pull is the pressure that an oceanic plate experiences as it sinks into the mantle as a result of its own weight. This action is known as subduction. The oceanic plate sinks into the mantle because it has a higher density than the hotter mantle beneath it. When a subducting tectonic plate cools and consequently gets denser, dragging the rest of the plate downward, this geophysical phenomenon is known as slab pull.
A slab is a cold, dense oceanic plate that is being dragged into the mantle by its own weight. The theory holds that the oceanic plate descends into the mantle because it has a larger density than the mantle underneath it, which is hotter.
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an aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen at a concentration less than that in the atmosphere is called a(n)
Answer:
bacteriostasis
Explanation:
Type of selection seen in dogs and other domestic animals is called?
The type of selection seen in dogs and other domestic animals is called artificial selection.
Artificial selection is a kind of selection wherein people effectively breed animals for specific wanted traits.
Dogs are a perfect representation of artificial selection. For more than millennia, people have specifically reproduced dogs for explicit attributes like size, shape, and conduct.
Domestic animals like dairy cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens have additionally been dependent upon artificial selection. For instance, dairy cows have been specifically reared for high milk creation.
Artificial selection has considered the improvement of a wide assortment of domestic animals that are appropriate for various purposes, however, it likewise has a drawback, as it can prompt hereditary issues and inbreeding.
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The type of selection seen in dogs and other domestic animals is called artificial selection.
This is a process of deliberately selecting animals or plants for particular traits and then breeding them in order to produce offspring with the desired characteristics.
Artificial selection is a process of creating a population of organisms with desired traits by selectively breeding those that have the desired characteristics. It is a form of selective breeding where humans breed animals and plants for particular traits, such as size, shape, coat color, behavior, and other characteristics.
This process is usually done to develop new varieties of plants and animals that are more suitable for human use.
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when applying the process of science, which of these is tested?
a) a question
b) a result
c) an observation
d) a prediction
e) a hypothesis
when applying the process of science, a hypothesis is tested.
A hypothesis is a claim or explanation about a scientific process that is taken to be true. The foundation of any research is the tested assumption, which is done next.
A hypothesis should be founded on known ideas and a body of information; it should not just be an educated guess. Additionally, it must be testable so that you can use scientific research techniques to either confirm or disprove it (such as experiments, observations, and statistical analysis of data).
The scientific method's steps will be discussed in greater detail later, but one of its most crucial components is the testing of hypotheses. A testable hypothesis is a theory put out to explain an occurrence.
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Which of the following uses of commodity crops represents an indirect way the crop enters the human food
system?
O corn used as animal fodder in the dairy industry
Orice sold primarily as human food
O soybeans pressed to extract cooking oil
O cotton providing fiber for fabric manufacture
'Corn used as animal fodder in the dairy industry' represents an indirect way the crop enters the human food system.
What do you mean by crop?
Crop in biology refers to a plant organ or appendage that is used to store energy. It can also refer to the edible portion of a plant, such as grains, fruits, or vegetables. The crop is part of the digestive system of animals, such as birds and mammals, where food is stored before it is passed to the stomach for further digestion. In plants, the crop is often a modified leaf or stem that is used to store energy. Examples of plants with crops include grasses and cereal grains.
Corn used as animal fodder in the dairy industry does not directly enter the human food system. Instead, the corn is fed to animals such as cows, which then produce milk, meat, and other dairy products that humans consume. Thus, it is an indirect way that the crop enters the human food system since it is not consumed directly by humans.
Hence, option A is correct.
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the punnett square on p. 70 of your lab manual shows the genotypes of two parents for trait r. use this punnett square to answer the questions in this exercise. trait r is the mendelian trait in humans for tongue rolling. the allele for the ability to roll the tongue (r) is dominant over the allele for the inability to roll the tongue (r). what is the mother's genotype? group of answer choices
The genotypes of two parents for trait r is the mendelian trait in humans for tongue rolling. the allele for the ability to roll the tongue (r) is dominant over the allele for the inability to roll the tongue (r). The mother's genotype The mother is heterozygous (Rr) for the tongue-rolling trait.
There are two main types of genotypes that is homozygous and heterozygous. If an organism is homozygous for a gene, referred that they inherit two of the same versions of the gene. If an organism has a heterozygous genotype, referred that they inherit two different versions of a gene.
Genotype referred to the genetic makeup of an organism which described about an organism's complete set of genes. It is used to refer to the variant forms of a genes that are carried by an organism. The ability to roll the tongue is dominant over the allele for the inability to roll the tongue.
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A(n) __________ is a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic (such as education level, age, race, or gender)
A demographic is a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic (such as education level, age, race, or gender).
Demographics refers to the statistical characteristics of a population, for example, age, orientation, pay, schooling level, occupation, race, and geographic area.
These characteristics can be utilized to fragment a population into explicit gatherings, which are known as segment sections or portions.
Advertisers, specialists, and investigators utilize segment data to more readily comprehend an objective market and design items, administrations, and promoting to explicit gatherings.
Demographics can likewise be utilized to depict the characteristics of a particular geographic area, like an area, city, or country.
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A demographic is a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic (such as education level, age, race, or gender).
Demographics are a valuable tool used to gain insight into the characteristics of a population. Demographic data can be used by businesses to identify potential customers, by governments to address social issues, and by researchers to uncover trends and patterns in behavior. This data can also be used to compare differences between two populations and measure the success of an organization's efforts to reach a certain population.
For example, a company may measure the effectiveness of its advertising campaigns by knowing the demographics of its target audience. With this knowledge, the company can then adjust its strategy accordingly.
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a community group need advice on choosing rock for a city monument that will last a long time. Explain the factors that would likely affect how long the monument would last
The composition of the rocks would determine the rock that would be chosen.
How would they know the what rock to choose?We need to know that one of the effects that would easily show on the rock would be the leaching of the acid rain on the minerals that compose the rock. We would in that case have to look for a rock that would contain the minerals that do not leach so easily.
Hence, the prime consideration as we are looking at the kind of rock that we would need to pick for the monument is the kind of materials that compose the rock.
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1. SELECT ONE NATURAL HAZARD IN THE PICTURE AND SUGGEST WAYS ON HOW PEOPLE MUST BE PREPARED TO FACE THE HAZARD IN TERMS OF THE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES GIVEN BELOW
CHOSEN HAZARD: VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Pa help po pls... I really need help po. I'll mark brainliest po who answered po.
Example: Earthquake
Answer:
During a volcanic eruption people should make sure they are prepared within their home with supplies, but also should turn off any heating or cooling within the house. Make sure all windows and doors are closed and locked. Goggles can protect your eyes from the heat and ash, try not to breath in said ash, a mask could help along with long sleeve clothes. Make sure vehicles are off to prevent them from blowing up. Seek shelter and avoid low areas.
Why would immune cells be an important part of tissue repair? Why might it be particularly harmful to have scar tissue in the heart? A strange experiment can help to show the differences between scar tissue and normal skin tissue. If you were to throw flour on the man in the photo, the flour would stick to the man's chest everywhere but on his scar. Give a possible explanation for this.
Immune cells, such as white blood cells, play an important role in tissue repair by identifying and removing damaged or infected cells, promoting the growth and differentiation of new cells, and releasing molecules known as growth factors that stimulate the production of new blood vessels.
2. Scar tissue in the heart can be particularly harmful because it can interfere with the normal functioning of the heart. Scar tissue forms in response to injury or damage to the heart muscle, and it can disrupt the normal electrical and mechanical function of the heart. This can lead to arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, and can also make the heart muscle less flexible and less able to pump blood effectively.
3. The difference in the way flour sticks to the man's chest in the photo may be due to the fact that scar tissue is composed of different types of collagen than normal skin tissue. Collagen is a protein that gives skin its structure and strength. In scar tissue, the collagen fibers are arranged in a different pattern than in normal skin, which can affect the way that other substances, such as flour, interact with the tissue.
What are the immune cells?Immune cells, also known as white blood cells, are a crucial part of the body's immune system. They play a vital role in defending the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
They also play an important role in tissue repair by identifying and removing damaged or infected cells, promoting the growth and differentiation of new cells, and releasing molecules known as growth factors that stimulate the production of new blood vessels.
There are several different types of immune cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. Each type of immune cell has a specific function and plays a unique role in the immune response. For example, neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.
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Which of the following is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in research study?
O dependent variable
O control group
O random sample
O independent variable
O operational definition
Answer:
operation definition
Explanation:
An operational definition is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study. It describes how a variable or concept is operationalized and measured in the study. An operational definition provides clear and specific instructions for how the variable or concept will be operationalized and measured so that other researchers can replicate the study. The other options you provided are important elements of a research study, but they do not provide specific information on the procedures used to operationalize and measure a variable or concept.
Once all the members of a____ have this favorable trait, then it is referred to as an ____.
CLOZE-ing in on Science
Once all the members of a population have this favorable trait, then it is referred to as an allele.
What is an allele?
This refers to a variation of the same sequence of nucleotides that are found at the same place within the DNA molecule."The chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is called a locus while the alternative DNA sequences at a locus are known as the alleles.
Genes are responsible for the traits of an organism. They act as instructions for protein synthesis. One pair of each gene is always present on homologous chromosomes, one from each parent. These Genes are known as alleles that play an important role in shaping the features of the individuals.
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Which of the following indicates pests that are controlled by nematicides?
O nematodes
O virae
O bacteria
O slugs
Answer:
Nematodes
Explanation:
Nematicides are a type of pesticide used to control pests that are nematodes, which are tiny, worm-like organisms that can damage plants by feeding on their roots. So the correct answer is nematodes.
Virae, bacteria, and slugs are not controlled by nematicides. Viruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases in plants. Bacteria are microorganisms that can also cause diseases in plants or animals. Slugs are mollusks that can damage plants by feeding on their leaves and stems.
Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. How do scientists determine this?
A by measuring the age of the oldest glaciers
B by using radiometric dating techniques on meteorites
C by measuring the age of the oldest fossils
D by
determining the chemical composition of sea-floor sediments
Answer:
d
Explanation:
HURRYY!!!
GEORGE AND KYLE WERE TAKING A QUIZ. THIS WAS ITEM 4: "Scientists just discovered a new kind of organism and gave it the common name blue spinner. Make one statement that must be true about the structure of a blue spinner. "
George wrote, "A blue spinner is made of at least one cell. "
Kyle wrote, "A blue spinner has tissues that perform specific functions. "
Which of the responses is correct? Explain the error made in the incorrect response
George is correct while Kyle is not.
An organism is a type of living being that can be either unicellular or multicellular. It exists as a single entity and works to maintain its existence. George is accurate in his assertion.
George claims that at least one cell makes up a blue spinner. An organism must consist of either one cell or many cells in order to be considered alive.
Given that the newly found species might either have several cells or only one.
Kyle's assertion is false since it is known if the organism is a single-celled structure or a multi-celled structure and thus no inference can be made about the tissues.
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George is correct while Kyle is not. An organism is a type of living being that can be either unicellular or multicellular. It exists as a single entity and works to maintain its existence.
George is accurate in his assertion. George claims that at least one cell makes up a blue spinner. An organism must consist of either one cell or many cells in order to be considered alive. George is correct while Kyle is not. An organism is a type of living being that can be either unicellular or multicellular. It exists as a single entity and works to maintain its existence. Given that the newly found species might either have several cells or only one. Kyle's assertion is false since it is known if the organism is a single-celled structure or a multi-celled structure and thus no inference can be made about the tissues.
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Evaluate: The Great Grand Canyon CER Rubric
Has the Grand Canyon changed over long periods of geologic time?
Use the following terms in your evidence and reasoning for your
claim.
fossil
superposition
erosion
relative dating
radioactive dating
The canyon's oldest exposed rocks are 1,840 million years old. The canyon, on the other hand, is geologically new, having been carved during the previous 6 million years.
How have the Grand Canyon's rocks altered over the last million years?Under high heat and pressure, these rocks turned into the dark-colored "basement" rocks observed towards the canyon's bottom today, including 1.84 billion-year-old Elves Chasm gneiss, the canyon's oldest known.
Finally, the Colorado River began to cut its way downhill just 5-6 million years ago. The canyon widened as a result of further erosion by tributary streams. These natural processes are still at work, gradually deepening and broadening the Grand Canyon.
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Read the article and use the information to answer the question that follows.
Forensic DNA
How can DNA be used to help solve a crime?
Because a sample of a person's DNA can be compared to the evidence gathered from a crime scene, DNA can be used to solve a crime.
What is Person's DNA?A molecule found within an organism's cells stores the genetic information that controls its growth and function. DNA molecules allow for the transmission of this information from one generation to the next.
When compared to our DNA, no two humans are identical to each other in 99.9%. Similarly to this, there are very few genetic differences between different human groups.
DNA also referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material that can be found in humans and almost all other organisms. Nuclear DNA is the most common type of DNA, and it is found in the cell nucleus. On the other hand, mitochondria also have a small amount of DNA in them.
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which statement is true about gene and dna?
proteins code for the genes that determines an organisms physical traits
An organisms inherited physical traits code for its genes
Genes code for proteins that determine an organisms physical traits
Physical traits code for the proteins that determine an organisms genes
Answer: With respect to genetic information, it is true that a gene is a section of DNA and is found on a chromosome in the cell's nucleus.
Explanation:
Predict what the following blood type test results will look like for a person who has Type B-blood. Drag the correct blood results onto the test card wells. Blood resu may be used more than once.
The results of a blood type test for a person with Type B- blood would show that they have the B antigen on their red blood cells and the negative (Rh-) antigen on their red blood cells.
This can be confirmed by using a test that checks for the presence of B and Rh antigens in the blood sample. According a person with Type B- blood would not have the A antigen present on their red blood cells. It is important to note that this test only determines a person's blood type and does not diagnose any specific medical conditions. Other tests, such as an electrophoresis blood test, may be needed to diagnose certain medical conditions like multiple myeloma
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The consequences of a blood classification test for an individual with Type B blood would show that they have the B antigen on their red platelets and the negative (Rh-) antigen on their red platelets.
This can be affirmed by involving a test that checks for the presence of B and Rh antigens in the blood test. Concurring an individual with Type B blood wouldn't have the antigen present on their red platelets. It is essential to take note that this test just decides an individual's blood classification and determinations no particular ailments. Different tests, for example, an electrophoresis blood test, might be expected to analyze specific ailments like numerous myeloma.
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growing arctic ice sheets is an example of-
A) correlational effect
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) causal effect
3. What is the main difference between Darwin's theories and Lamarck's theories?
Darwin believed that all animals within a species had identical genotypes; Lamarck believed that all animals within a species had identical phenotypes.
Darwin believed that animals were born with beneficial mutations that assisted them in their environments; Lamarck believed that animals changed due to their environments.
Darwin believed that all animals within a species had identical phenotypes; Lamarck believed that all animals within a species had identical genotypes.
Darwin believed that animals changed due to their environments; Lamarck believed that animals were born with beneficial mutations that assisted them in their environments.
The main difference between Darwin's theories and Lamarck's theories is that
Darwin believed that all animals within a species had identical genotypes; Lamarck believed that all animals within a species had identical phenotypes.
The first option is correct.
What is a phenotype?The phenotype is described as the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
In conclusion, Lamarck believed that evolution is driven primarily by non-randomly acquired, beneficial phenotypic changes.
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For this lab report, you will be discussing the results shown in the data table from the previous page. Some of the questions
you should address in the discusssion include the following:
1. What were the independent variable and dependent variable in this experiment? In this experiment, what is being
altered for each trial and what is being recorded for the results.
2. Explain why counting the number of oxygen bubbles produced is an acceptable method to determine the rate of
photosynthesis. What is the connection between the oxygen bubbles and photosynthesis?
3. Why do white and green light colors cause different rates of photosynthesis?
4. Explain any possible sources of error in the experiment.
Elodea exposure time is a constant that is unaffected by the dependent variable, photosynthetic rate, or distance from the light source.
What was the dependent variable in the Elodea experiment?Elodea exposure time is a constant that is unaffected by the distance from the light source, the rate of photosynthesis, or the dependent variable.
The independent variable is the cause. Your study's other factors are irrelevant to how valuable it is. The dependent variable is the result. The value of the independent variable changes as it changes.
The dependent variable, which measured the rate of photosynthesis, was the number of bubbles that appeared when the light source was on. Photosynthesis will alter based on the amount of light.
Light output is a separate parameter (how close the light is). The number of oxygen bubbles released is the dependent variable (the rate of photosynthesis).
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Explain in your own words what being lactose tolerance means. Be sure you use the following terms in your explanation. enzyme, persistent, glucose, carbohydrate, lactose, monosaccharide, and hydrolysis.
Lactose intolerance is when someone has trouble digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk, and other dairy foods. If people with lactose intolerance eat dairy products, the lactose from these foods passes into their intestines, which can lead to gas, cramps, a bloated feeling, and diarrhea. Some people can have small amounts of dairy without problems. Others have a lot of stomach trouble and void all dairy products. Many foods, drinks, and digestive aids are available to help manage lactose intolerance eat something containing lactose, and an enzyme in the small intestine called lactase breaks it down into simpler sugar forms called glucose and galactose. These simple sugars are then absorbed into the bloodstream and turned into energy body doesn't make enough lactase to break down lactose. Instead, undigested lactose sits in the gut and gets broken down by bacteria, causing gas, bloating stomach cramps, and diarrhea.
A student wants to develop an explanation of the role cellular respiration and photosynthesis play in the cycling of matter. Answering which of the following questions would MOST help the student develop an explanation?
What Are the 5 matching types of Minutiae?
Answer:
Minutiae are unique characteristics or features that can be used to identify an individual fingerprint. There are several types of minutiae, but the five most commonly used for fingerprint identification are:
Ridge ending: the point at which a ridge terminates
Bifurcation: the point at which a ridge splits into two separate ridges
Short ridge: a ridge that is shorter than the average ridge length in the fingerprint
Dot: a small, circular feature in the fingerprint
Island: a small, isolated area of ridges within a larger area of the fingerprint
Answer:
Explanation:
The five types of minutiae commonly used in fingerprint analysis are:
1. Ridge endings: where a ridge terminates
2. Bifurcations: where a ridge splits into two branches
3. Short ridges: ridges that are shorter in length than the surrounding ridges
4. Ridge dots: small, circular ridges that are typically found at the intersections of two ridges
5. Ridge crossings: where two ridges intersect each other, forming an X shape. :)
A scientist obtained a mass of 0. 0062 nanograms of DNA from a diploid human cell.
Calculate the mass of DNA the scientist should obtain from a haploid human cell.
Give your answer in pictograms.
(1 nanogram = 1000 pictograms)
the mass of DNA the scientist should obtain from a haploid human cell is about 3 picogram.
One pair of chromosomes is inherited from each parent, therefore a diploid human cell has two sets of chromosomes and two copies of each gene (2n). Given that haploid human cells only have one set of chromosomes and one copy of each gene (n).
We must divide the mass obtained from a diploid human cell by two in order to determine the mass of DNA that a researcher should be able to extract from a haploid human cell.
0.0062 ng / 2 = 0.0031 ng
Pictograms can be created by multiplying nanograms by 1000.
1000 × 0.0031 ng = 3.1 pictograms
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The scientist should be able to extract about 3 picograms of DNA from a haploid human cell.
Because each parent inherits one pair of chromosomes, a diploid human cell has two sets of chromosomes and two copies of each gene (2n). Because haploid human cells have only one set of chromosomes and one copy of each gene (n).
To determine the mass of DNA that a researcher should be able to extract from a haploid human cell, we must divide the mass obtained from a diploid human cell by two.
0.0062 ng / 2 = 0.0031 ng
Pictograms can be made by multiplying nanograms by 1000, resulting in 1000 0.0031 ng = 3.1 pictograms.
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