Answer:
by using molecular clocks which are based on the mutation rates among molecular sequences (e.g., DNA sequences). The mutation rate can be used to estimate the times of divergence between sequences (in this case, between duplicated sequences in the target species and non-duplicated sequences in the most recent common ancestor).
Explanation:
A molecular clock is a technique that uses the mutation rate (μ) to measure the association between evolutionary rate and time. A mutation rate can be used to estimate the time in prehistory when two or more molecular sequences diverged. For example, assuming a generation time of 20 years, a species that has 100 mutations per generation is divided by 20 years to yield a mutation rate equal to 5 mutations per year. In consequence, the times of divergence can be estimated by dividing half of the target genomic region length (in nucleotides) by the mutation rate (t = d/2 ÷ μ).
True or False: Primary and secondary succession both end with the formation of a climax community.
When a filament of algae is illuminated with light that is passed through a prism, different segments of algae are exposed to different wavelengths of light. When aerobic bacteria are present, they congregate in highest concentrations in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. These data suggest a relationship between which of the following variables?
a) Wavelength of light and rate of aerobic respiration
b) Wavelength of light and amt of heat released
c) Wavelength of light and the rate of photosynthesis
d) Carbon dioxide concentration and the rate of photosynthesis
Answer:
The correct answer is C) wavelength of light and rate of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
The given question is a famous experiment conducted by T W Engelmann which is called the action spectrum experiment. In this experiment when light passes through a prism it splits into its constituent colors splits into violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red.
Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for their survival. The green algae produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Engelmann released aerobic bacteria to it. it is found that the bacteria accumulated at the blue and red light because photosynthesis and oxygen release were higher there. So, it establishes the relationship between the wavelength of light and photosynthesis.
What causes acid rain? *
A) Erosion
B) Fertilizers used to increase growth rates of plants
C) Hunting
D) Burning of fossil fuels
Answer:
burning of fossil fuels
Explanation:
acid rain is caused by the air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels
what would likely to happen if heavy pressure is applied when using a pumice stone on feet?
Answer:
If you apply too much pressure, you can cause redness and abrasions.
You are exploring a rather inhospitable planet, which has seas that are somewhat hydrophobic in nature. Surprisingly, there are living organisms in the seas whose cytoplasm is hydrophobic to a similar degree. These organisms have membranes made primarily of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer. What is the most probable orientation of these phospholipids A.hydrophobic tails facing towards the middle of the bilayer and the hydrophylic heads facing outward
Answer:
The correct answer would be: hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids face toward the middle of the bilayer with the hydrophobic fatty acid tails facing outward
Explanation:
In normal cases on earth, the lipid bilayer is arranged in a way that the hydrophilic head is present both inside and outside whereas the hydrophobic tail is present in the middle.
But in this case, the seas shows hydrophobic nature it can be predicted that the living organism whose cytoplasm is hydrophobic to the same condition that to interact with the environment the phospholipids bilayer arranged as the polar heads on middle while hydrophilic head on its inside and outside
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes at different temperatures. Which
statement best describes what happens to the enzyme when the temperature of the reac-
tion increases to 45 degrees Celsius?
X = optimal temperature
Rate of reaction
20 30 40 50
Temperature / "C
А
The enzyme is used up and the reaction stops.
B
The enzyme begins to decrease the rate of the reaction.
С
The enzyme continues to increase the rate of the reaction.
D
The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction.
Answer: D
Explanation: The enzyme changes shape and can no longer speed up the reaction
-Just did this so it's right lol
Please help, I really need help!
Write the name of the natural disaster next the image below. Then indicate whether it is weather-related or geology-related.
Answer:
Earthquake, and geology-related
Explanation:
I think what they are showing are two tectonic plates that shifted along a fault line.
A hydraulic system uses a(n) ____________________ to transmit pressure.
a.
pulley
c.
transducers
b.
fluid
d.
lever
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
B. fluid
Explanation:
Uses Pascal's law
Answer:
B, it fluid
it's a liquid the moving and confined space under pressure.
Grasslands are most likely to be described as having
OA.
prairies and fertile soil.
OB. snow-capped mountains.
Oc. giraffes, gazelles, and rhinos.
OD.
tall trees and thick vegetation.
Undo
Answer:
A. Prairies and fertile soil
Explanation:
What is the part of the brain that is located between the brain stem and the temporal lobe?
A. cerebellum
B. occipital lobe
C. parietal lobe
D. frontal lobe
Place the following events in the order they occur by listing their assigned letters in that order. A. Cas9 REC domains binds to the guideRNA B. Cas9 complex binds to dsDNA C. Cas9 complex scans dsDNA for PAM sequence D. Cas9 unwinds dsDNA E. The programmable part of the guideRNA binds to its complementary sequence F. Cas9 cuts both strands to generate a double strand break
Answer: a, b, d, c, e, f
Explanation: The steps of Cas9 DNA recognition and cleavage goes in the following order lettered A, B, D, C, E and F. Cas9 recognizes and binds the sgRNA after which it binds to the double stranded DNA. It then unwinds and scans the dsDNA for its protospacer adjacent motif sequence (PAM) and on recognition the sgRNA binds to its complementary sequence followed by cleavage of the DNA at two points. That is how the double stranded break is created.
1. The energy stored in glucose is converted into a usable form, the energy source of all cells, ___________________ _________________ triphosphate, or ____________.
2. The equation for respiration is:
______________ + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O + ____________
3. Because oxygen is used to produce ATP, this is referred to as an _______________ process.
4. The release of energy cannot occur all at once. Too much ______ would be released inside the cells. Instead, the release of energy occurs in a series of ________________________________ small steps.
5. Plants do photosynthesis only when there is light, during the day. So, they take in _________ only during the day. But, they do respiration all the time, 24 hours a day. All living things do cellular respiration all the time or they are not alive. So, all organisms use _________, all the time.
Answer:
Adenosine diphosphate
those in agriculture industry need to be particularly mindful of safety because why?
Answer:
Many hazards are present in the farm. If the farmers are not aware of these hazards these may cause injury to their body or may cause diseases and even death. Farmer should always apply appropriate safety measures while working in the farm.
Explanation:
A population is a group of conspecific organisms.
True or false?
Answer:
true I think
Explanation:
A population is a group of interbreeding organisms that are members of the same species living in the same area at the same time. Organisms that are all members of the same species, a population, are called conspecifics.
Which is an example of a vascular flowering seeded plant?
a peach tree
moss
a fern
a horsetail
which type of blood vessel normally contains valves to keep the blood flowing in One Direction
a) arteries
b) veins
c) capillaries
B) Viens
The veins have valves to keep the blood pumping out and not coming back in the heart.
The chart below shows the dates of eclipses in the years 2006 and 2007. What is the
best explanation for the frequency of eclipses?
Date
March 14, 2006
March 29, 2006
September 7, 2006
September 22, 2006
March 3, 2007
March 19, 2007
August 28, 2007
September 11, 2007
Eclipse Type
Lunar, Penumbral
.
Solar, Total
Lunar, Partial
Solar, Annular
Lunar, Total
Solar, Partial
Lunar, Total
Solar, Partial
Where Visible
N. and S. America
S. America, Africa, W. Asia
Europe, Africa, Asia
S. America, Antarctica
Americas, Africa, Europe
Alaska, Asia
Asia, Aus.. Americas
S. America, Antarctica
A. The atmospheric conditions that cause eclipses are only found at certain
locations and times of year.
B. The Moon's orbit is tilted relative to the plane of the Earth's orbit. About every
six months, the Sun, Moon and Earth are aligned enough for a solar and a lunar
eclipse to occur.
C. The Earth and Moon orbit the Sun in opposite directions. When the Moon's
orbit crosses the Earth's orbit, a lunar or solar eclipse will occur.
D. A lunar or a solar eclipse occurs every time the Moon orbits the Earth. The Moon
orbits the Earth four times a year.
Answer:A
Explanation:
How is relative dating of fossils different from absolute dating?
Answer:
Absolute dating is the actual date of the rock and can also been known as radioactive dating. Relative dating is using the rock layers and fossil records to determine the age of the rock, and it is not the actual age of the rock. :)
Explanation:
An animal has 2 genes: 1 for tail length (T) and 1 for head shape (H). Its genotype is TtHh. What are all of the possible gametes that this organism can make?
Answer:
TH, Th, tH, th
Explanation:
This question involves two genes; one coding for tail length and the other for head shape. According to this question, an organism has the genotype: TtHh.
In accordance to the law of independent assortment, which states that alleles of one gene will segregate independently of one another. The meiotic division of the organism, will occur in such a way that only one allele of each gene is present in any GAMETE.
The possible gametes for the genotype: TtHh are: TH, Th, tH, th
Please need help with this biology question (photo)
Answer:
Energy flows through the organisms from bottom to top and increases at each level.
Explanation:
You should be familiar with the drugstore antibiotic ointment Neosporin (Triple antibiotic ointment), which is often thought of as innocuous. Based on your knowledge of antibiotics from Chapter 12 describe the mode of actions of the three antibiotics found in Neosporin (neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin), research their side effects, and postulate on why these three antibiotics were chosen.
Answer: Antibiotics are chemicals which, in low concentrations, can selectively kill or inhibit the growth of most pathogenic bacteria and are not harmful to humans.
Explanation:
Neosporin is a type of antibiotics which is used for the treatment or prevention of mild superficial infections. It consists of three active component, hence the name Triple antibiotic ointment. These active components, their mode of action and side effects include:
--> NEOMYCIN : This is one of the active components of Neosporin which inhibits the protein synthesis of an invading pathogenic bacteria through irreversible binding to the 30 S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria. Their MODE OF ACTION is bactericidal meaning that the effect it has on the protein synthesis inhibits it's growth leading to the death of the bacteria.
SIDE EFFECTS: it can cause irritation, burning, itching, rash redness when applied topically.
--> POLYMYXIN: This is one of the active components of neosporin which attacks the invading pathogenic gram negative bacteria. In its mode of action, is the ability to combine with and disorganise structures of the bacterial cell which are responsible for the maintenance of the osmotic equilibrium of the cell thereby exposing the underlying peptidoglycan layer to lysozyme.
SIDE EFFECTS: Burning, redness, or irritation of the skin may occur.
--> BACITRACIN: This is also one of the active components of Neosporin. In its mode of action, it inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is achieved by preventing the final dephosphorylation step in the phospholipid carrier cycle, which interferes with the mucopeptide transfer to the growing cell wall.
SIDE EFFECTS: it may cause rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat).
These three active components of Neosporin are combined to broaden the antibacterial spectrum. This means that at least one of the active components will effectively kill an invading pathogenic bacteria through its unique mode of action.
Please help! Will mark brainliest.
Answer:
2nd one is the most realistic of what occurs in ecosyystems
A gardener wanted to know if E-Z fertiliser would be good for his vegetables. He fertilised all his bean plants with E-Z fertiliser but didn’t put any fertiliser on his pepper plants. His beans didn’t do well at all, but he got a good crop of peppers. He concluded that E-Z fertiliser was no good. What are the errors in this experiment? Tick all that apply
A) Not enough subjects
B) Subjects were not similar
C) Conditions were not kept the same
D) The experiment was not reproduced
Answer:
B) Subjects were not similar
The errors in this experiment are: subjects were not similar and conditions were not kept the same. Hence the correct options are B and C.
Subjects were not similar: The gardener used two different types of plants, beans, and peppers, to test the effectiveness of E-Z fertiliser. Beans and peppers have different growth requirements, nutritional needs, and environmental preferences. By using different types of plants as subjects, the experiment introduces variability and makes it difficult to attribute the outcome solely to the fertiliser.
Conditions were not kept the same: The gardener applied E-Z fertiliser to the bean plants but did not provide any fertiliser to the pepper plants. This difference in treatment introduces a significant confounding factor, making it impossible to isolate the effect of the fertiliser on the bean plants' poor performance.
Hence the correct options are B and C.
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The light on the top of the aquarium provides what component of an ecosystem?
A biotic
B producers
C energy
D decomposers
Answer:
A is the answer thanks me later
PLZ HELP!!! AG CLASS PLANT SYSTEMS
Which of the following defines viticulture?
A cultivation of stone fruits
B cultivation of apples
C cultivation of grapes
D cultivation of citrus
Answer:
C.Cultivation of grapes
Explanation:
That is correct
Answer:
grapes
Explanation:
no balls
How do helmets protect your head?
a.
By creating a large area to spread out the pressure of a blow to your head.
b.
By focusing the pressure of a blow into a small area.
c.
By creating a vacuum that protects your head.
d.
By creating a pressure gradient that traps energy away from your skull.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer: A
Explanation:
A helmet distributes the impact throughout the entire helmet meaning that the pressure is dispersed within the area
which of the following does not take place in the mouth
Answer:
I. sorry but I didn't see options.
What process is responsible for producing most of Earth's oxygen?
A.) photosynthesis
B.) respiration
Answer:
Photosynthesis
I hope this helps!
Explanation:
Which of the following is NOT true about Earth’s systems? A.Together, the the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere work to support life on planet Earth. B. Our atmosphere is the place that holds our oxygen. C. There are many systems, or, parts, that work independently. D. There are many , systems, or parts, of the Earth that work together.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
because each part and system as individual tasks or ways to help the earth
The statement that is not true is that there are many systems, or, parts, that work independently. The correct option is C.
What is Earth's system?The application of systems science to the Earth is known as earth system science. It focuses on interactions and 'feedbacks' in particular.
The five Earth systems interact to create the environments we are familiar with.
Everything in the Earth's system can be classified as either land, water, living things, or air. These four components of the system are referred to as "spheres."
They are the "lithosphere" (land), the "hydrosphere" (water), the "biosphere" (living things), and the "atmosphere" (air).
The geosphere is split up into four subsystems: the lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere.
Because these subsystems interact with one another and with the biosphere, they work together to influence the climate, trigger geological processes, and influence life on Earth.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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What is the most important part in the respiratory system?
The lungs.
The lungs are paired, cone-shaped organs which take up most of the space in our chests, along with the heart. Their role is to take oxygen into the body, which we need for our cells to live and function properly, and to help us get rid of carbon dioxide, which is a waste product.