Mager's approach to learning instructional design is called criterion-referenced instruction (CRI), and it is based on a four-step process.
Task analysis or goal analysis—Identity what needs to be learned. Performance objectives—Specify the outcomes and how they will be evaluated. According to Mager (1997), there is three main accuracy of an effective objective - performance, conditions, and criterion. The performance is what we want the learners to do.
The emphasis is on the verb we use. It is critical that we select a verb that is an observable action and is not ambiguous. Audience, Behavior, Condition, and Degree. Objectives must be both observable and measurable to be effective. The use of words like understand and learn in writing objectives are generally not acceptable as they are difficult to measure.
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which communication model assumes that one person plays the sender and one person plays the receiver in clearly defined roles during each communication exchange?
The communication model that assumes one person plays the sender and one person plays the receiver in clearly defined roles is called the Linear Model of Communication.
The Linear Model of Communication is a communication model that assumes one person plays the sender and one person plays the receiver in clearly defined roles. This model views communication as a one-way process, with the sender encoding a message and transmitting it to the receiver, who decodes the message and provides feedback. The roles of the sender and receiver are distinct and clear-cut, with the sender responsible for crafting the message and the receiver responsible for interpreting it. This model provides a useful starting point for understanding basic communication processes.
However, it is important to keep in mind that this model has been criticized for oversimplifying the complex nature of communication. Real-world communication is often much more complex and dynamic, with multiple people playing the roles of sender and receiver and with multiple messages being exchanged simultaneously.
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dr. john smith is a research scientist. he uses the information from his research to develop a drug for bipolar disorder. dr. smith is a(n)
Dr. Smith is an applied research scientist as he uses the information from his research to develop a drug for bipolar disorder.
An applied research scientist conducts scientific study with the goal of using the findings to address issues in the real world. They create research questions and then carry out investigations using the scientific method in order to come up with workable solutions. These scientists work in a variety of fields and use the information to create practical applications, such as in engineering and medical research.
They frequently find methods to enhance business processes for commercial enterprises. Most research scientists hold a doctorate in their area of specialisation. Research scientists are experts in a specific field of study. They do in-depth study on challenging topics, and many of them also serve as college instructors.
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What step of the bulletproof problem-solving process helps avoid making common decision-making biases such as confirmation bias
Group of answer choices
Step-3: Prioritize the issue, prune the tree
Step-1: Define the problem
Step-6: Conduct a critical analysis
Step-4: Build a work plan and timetable
Step-6: Conduct a critical helps analysis avoid making common decision-making biases such as confirmation bias.
Analysis refers to the process of examining and interpreting data or information in order to draw conclusions or make decisions. This can include statistical analysis, qualitative analysis, or critical analysis, and can be applied in fields such as business, research, and finance. The specific methods and techniques used in analysis can vary depending on the type of data and the goals of the analysis.
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the author suggests that the emphasis on affection in marriage has increased because other roles (formerly played in the family) have declined. because marriage and family no longer fulfill these roles, personal affection has become a unique and primary function of marriage. which declining roles did the author mention? check all that apply.
The Correct option are : Law enforcement
B) Children's education
Marriage is a socially sanctioned union that brings together two or more people as spouses. This union implies that there will be sexual relations, procreation, and relationship permanence.
Marriage is a socially sanctioned relationship between males and females that includes both an economic and sexual relationship. Children born to married couples are said to be " legitimate", whereas those born to an unmarried woman are often labeled "illegitimate".
Every society regards marriage as a fundamental social institution. Marriage has two major aspects in every society and time. First, it has an agreed-upon relationship between two opposite sexes, and second, it has a socially sanctioned institution where these two sexes have legal permission to have a sexual relationship and have children.
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Full Question :The author suggests that the emphasis on affection in marriage has increased because other roles (formerly played in the family) have declined. Because marriage and family no longer fulfill these roles, personal affection has become a unique and primary function of marriage. Which declining roles did the author mention?
A) ) Law enforcement
B) Children's education
C) Maintenance of public structures, such as roads and buildings
D) Welfare of the elderly
responding to a remark from a peer that a report looks like it was slapped together at the last minute (you had spent most of last week working on it), the sensitive line was crossed. what will the most likely response be?
The most likely response would be "Well, maybe I did or maybe I didn't, what do you care?".
What does a remark intend to say?Remark, comment, note, and observation all suggest paying close attention, expressing an opinion, or making a determination. A comment about a play is an example of a remark, which is typically an informal and fleeting statement of opinion. A comment offers an opinion or clarifies a specific idea, such as one praising the author's scholarship.
What do remarks results mean?Remarking an exam entails a second marking, according to the Department of Basic Education (DBE). Rechecking entails someone verifying that you answered all the questions truthfully and that the marks were totalled up accurately.
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When a man who lacks purpose distracts himself with pleasure?
Every part of our individual lives is unique, and we should all be able to recognise this for a man.
Every part of our individual lives is unique, and we should all be able to recognise this. The only person who can make a worthwhile contribution to society, nature, or oneself must first journey within to understand himself. recognising his strengths and individuality to give his life purpose. However, the majority of us have lived our entire lives engaging in daily activities that we mistakenly believe to be meaningful or fulfilling. can cause anxiety and despair, from which we can detach ourselves through enjoyment. When people search for happiness and meaning in life (Nirvana and/or Moksh) but are unable to find either, they occupy.
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personal finance is 20% head knowledge about money. what‘s the other 80%?
Personal finance is 80% behavior. It's only 20% head knowledge. Financial success depends much more on what you DO with your money than what you know about money.
According to an old proverb, "Personal finance is both personal and finance." That is to say, behavior and math are two essential elements of success. Most experts concur that mastering the rules of the game accounts for about 20% of personal finance success, while 80% comes from improving your behavior. The 80-20 rule in investing states that, on average, 20% of a portfolio's holdings account for 80% of its growth. On the other hand, 80% of a portfolio's losses could be attributable to 20% of its holdings.
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What is the difference between interpersonal and ntrapersonal communication?
Conflict between two or more people can result in interpersonal conflict, such as a disagreement at work over a point of view.
When a person experiences negative emotions as a result of not achieving a personal goal, for instance, an internal conflict can lead to intrapersonal conflict.Regardless of the kind of conflict, it is absolutely necessary to resolve it with clarity and objectivity, investigate the factors that led to its emergence, and establish open and compassionate communication in order to find a solution.
Because conflicts are a normal part of life and, when handled well, lead to growth and learning, it is essential that individuals seek specialized assistance when they encounter a conflict of any kind. Today, there are numerous conflicts worldwide. They exist;Conflicts involving values, interests, relationships, structures, etc.When people have opposing viewpoints, lack of information, or disagreement, information conflicts frequently arise.
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Why did investors in a corporation hope to receive dividends during the Industrial revolution?
the big five model suggests that people can be rated along the dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroti- cism, openness, and extraversion. this theory is best associ- ated with which of the following? a. trait theory b. psychodynamic theory c. the cognitive approach d. the humanistic approach e. the biological approach
The big five model suggests that people can be rated along the dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion is best associated with Trait theory.
Trait theory, often known as dispositional theory, is a method used to explore human personality in psychology. The measuring of characteristics, which are characterized as ingrained patterns of behavior, thinking, and emotion, is of particular interest to trait theorists. This viewpoint defines characteristics as features of personality that vary between individuals are largely constant across contexts, and have an influence on behavior. Many theories and systems view traits as dimensions, such as introversion and extraversion, with each person scoring somewhere along this scale. However, in many other theories and system, traits are characteristics that a person either possesses or does not have. Traits can be defined in one of two ways: as internal causal features or as purely descriptive descriptions. According to the internal causal definition, characteristics impact our behavior and cause us to act in ways that are consistent with those characteristics. The descriptions of our acts that don't attempt to infer causality are known as features as descriptive summaries, on the other hand.
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how did baron de montesquieu influence modern government
Baron de montesquieu influence modern government through ideas about separation of powers, constitutional government, and the bond between government and society.
Baron de Montesquieu, a French lawyer, philosopher, and political theorist, is best known for his work "The Spirit of the Laws" (1748), which had a significant influence on modern government. He is considered one of the most important figures in the development of modern political thought. One of Montesquieu's main contributions was his theory of separation of powers, which proposed that government power should be divided among different branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. He believed that this would prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful, and would provide a system of checks and balances to protect individual rights and maintain a stable government. This idea has been implemented in many modern democracies, including the United States and France. Montesquieu also influenced the development of the idea of constitutional government, which limits the power of government through laws and a written constitution. He argued that a government should be based on the principles of liberty, equality, and justice, and that these principles should be protected by the constitution. In addition, Montesquieu's ideas about the relationship between government and society had a significant impact on the development of political science and sociology. He believed that the nature of a society and its institutions should be studied in order to understand how they shape the behavior and actions of individuals. This perspective is still widely used in social science research today. In summary, Montesquieu's ideas about separation of powers, constitutional government, and the relationship between government and society have had a lasting influence on modern political thought and government.
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which level of classified information could cause damage
There are several levels of classified information such as unclassified, confidential, secret which could cause damage to the national security.
There are several levels of classified information, each with its own level of sensitivity and potential for damage if it were to be released to unauthorized individuals or groups. The levels of classification, in order of increasing sensitivity, are:
1. Unclassified: This information is not considered sensitive and can be freely shared with the general public.
2. Confidential: This information may cause damage to national security if it were to be released to unauthorized individuals or groups. Examples include information about military operations, diplomatic relations, and intelligence activities.
3. Secret: This information is considered highly sensitive and its release could cause serious damage to national security. Examples include information about weapons systems, covert operations, and sensitive intelligence sources and methods.
4. Top Secret: This is the highest level of classification and the release of this information could cause exceptionally grave damage to national security. Examples include information about nuclear weapons, special access programs, and sensitive intelligence on foreign leaders and governments.
It's important to note that the classification system is not a standardized one across the world, and different countries have different levels of classification and different criteria for what constitutes sensitive information.
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Question - Which level of classified information could cause damage to the national security of a nation. Explain.
identify and explain at least three ways in which the family benifts capitalism
Capitalism basically is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
What exactly do you mean by economic system?
An economic system is a system of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in a society. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community. The economic system is composed of people, institutions, rules, incentives, resources, and the interactions between them. It can also be defined as the way in which a society organizes its economic activities.
Three ways in which a family benifits capitalism:
1. Labor Supply: Families provide an easily accessible source of labor supply for capitalism. This labor is often cheaper than other sources and is available in large numbers. Families provide both adults and children to work in a variety of roles, including agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries.
2. Demand: Families provide an essential source of demand for goods and services. When families have more money to spend, they can drive up demand for certain products. This increased demand can help to stimulate economic growth.
3. Education: Families play an important role in the education of young people, which is essential for a healthy and productive workforce. By providing educational opportunities, families help to ensure that young people are equipped with the skills necessary to participate in the labor market and contribute to economic growth.
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Describe a scenario in the United States which would highlight the mixed market economic system we live under today.
The healthcare industry in the United States highlights the mixed market economic system, with government-provided services and regulations alongside significant private enterprise and for-profit operations.
What is a Mixed Market Economic System?A mixed market economic system is an economic system that combines the features of a market economy, where most economic decisions are made by individuals and businesses, with elements of government intervention and regulation.
One scenario that highlights the mixed market economic system in the United States is the healthcare industry. While the government provides some healthcare services through programs like Medicare and Medicaid, a significant portion of the industry operates under private ownership and operates on a for-profit basis.
Additionally, the government regulates the industry through laws like the Affordable Care Act, but there is still significant room for private enterprise to operate and innovate. This mixed approach results in a complex and often contentious healthcare system, with varying degrees of access and quality depending on factors like income and location.
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General "___________" Weyler attempted its violent suppression. To sell newspapers, the two big "_____________" (a color) journalists, William R. __________ and Joseph _____________ played up this brutality. They got their sensational story in February 1898 when the battleship _______ blew up in Havana Harbor. Although the American reaction was one of outrage, the authors conclude that the Spanish probably _________ (did or did not) blow up this ship. When McKinley asked for a war declaration, Congress agreed and further "self-righ
Americans identified with the resurgent Cuban independence movement, particularly as the new Spanish General "Valerino" Weyler tried to violently put an end to it.
The two prominent "yellow" journalists, William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, played up this cruelty in order to sell newspapers. When the warship blew up in Havana Harbor in February 1898, they were given their amazing tale. Despite the outraged response from Americans, the writers come to the conclusion that the Spanish most likely did not blow up this ship. The Teller Amendment, which prohibited annexing Cuba after a victorious war, was "self-righteously" voted by Congress after McKinley requested a war declaration.
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When species look alike it means they belong to the same species true or false
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
Organisms that look alike often belong to the same species, but this isn't always the case. I for one can't tell the African fish eagle and the bald eagle apart from the photos below. But they are, in fact, different species. Some species appear similar to one another.
Have a wonderful day! :-)
speaker a: it is more important now to focus on vocational training and economic opportunities than on removing obstacles to social equality for african americans. speaker b: the american negro [african american] must focus on the achievement of three goals: higher education, full political participation, and continued support for civil rights. speaker c: african americans should return home to africa to establish their own independent nation free from white control. speaker d: the constitution is color-blind and recognizes no superior class in this country. all citizens are equal before the law. aks 42c black reform leaders tried to support the goals of speaker b (above) by
creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). A coalition of African American, white, and Jewish leaders established the National Association for the Advancement.
of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. In reaction to the rising levels of prejudice and violence against Black people in the United States, especially in the South, the group was founded. W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells Barnett, Mary White Ovington, Henry Moscowitz, William English Walling, and Florence Kelley were among the NAACP's founders. The group was founded to combat racial prejudice and bigotry and to strive toward the political, educational, social, and economic rights of all people. The NAACP primarily concentrated on voter registration drives and anti-lynching activities, but it has subsequently broadened its work to cover a variety of civil rights issues.
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The correct response is 4) Creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
Early high-level baseball's regulating organization, the National Association of Base Ball Players (1857–1870), was formally non-professional. Baseball historians consider the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, which existed from 1871 to 1875, to be the first professional league. Following the loss of the International Association's final Canadian squad, the National Association (1879–1880) took over. An early professional Negro baseball league, the National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs of the United States and Cuba (1907–1910), was founded in 1901 and is now known as the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (NAPBL).
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Base your answer to question 5 on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.
Speaker A: It is more important now to focus on vocational training and economic opportunities than on removing obstacles to social equality for AfricanAmericans.
Speaker B: The Constitution is color-blind and recognizes no superior class in this country. All citizens are equal before the law.
Speaker C: The American Negro [African American] must focus on the achievement of three goals: higher education, full political participation, and continued support for civil rights.
Speaker D: African Americans should return home to Africa to establish their own independent nation free from white control.
During the early 1900s, reform leaders tried to advance the goals of Speaker C by
(1) supporting passage of Jim Crow laws
(2) forming the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
(3) avoiding attempts to overturn racial segregation in
the courts
(4) creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
prior to pro tools 10, media used in a pro tools session were called regions. in pro tools 10, this term was changed to what?
Prior to pro tools 10, media used in a pro tools session were called regions. in pro tools 10, this term was changed to Clips.
In video language, a clip is a section of a media file that may also contain audio, video, graphics, or other information. Within a broader video element, a clip is defined by having simultaneously an in-time and out-time. likewise known as a video clip. Avid Technology created and launched Pro Tools, a digital audio workstation (DAW) for Microsoft Windows and macOS. It is employed in the recording, editing, and mastering stages of the production of music, sound for movies, and sound in general. Both standalone and in conjunction with a variety of external analog-to-digital converters and PCI cards with on-board digital signal processors, Pro Tools can be used (DSP). For processing real-time effects like reverb, equalization, and compression and to achieve lower latency audio performance, the DSP is employed to provide the host computer more processing capacity.
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ivan forgets to treat his icy sidewalk before leaving his home for the day. while delivering a package to the house, the mail carrier slips and falls, injuring her back. ivan's icy walkway is an example of .
Ivan leaves his house for the day without treating his icy walkway. Liability can be seen in Ivan's icy walkway.
Why do you use the word liability?A liability is defined in financial accounting as the future economic advantages that an entity must forgo for other entities as a result of previous transactions or other previous events.Liability typically denotes being accountable for something, but it can also imply owing someone money or services. For instance, a homeowner's tax liability may be determined by how much he owes in property taxes to the city or income taxes to the federal government.
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guidance counselor help with common app mid year report what to list for end date graduation date or end of semester date?
When completing the Common App Mid-Year Report, the end date for your high school coursework should be the date of your graduation.
If you are still currently enrolled in high school and have not yet graduated, you should list the end of the semester in which you are currently enrolled as the end date. It's important to be accurate and consistent with the dates you provide in the Common App Mid-Year Report, as these dates will be used to verify your academic record. In addition to the end date, you should also ensure that you have correctly listed the start date for your high school coursework, as well as the names and addresses of the high schools you have attended. If you have any questions or concerns about how to complete the Common App Mid-Year Report, you should reach out to your guidance counselor for assistance. They are there to help you navigate the college application process and can provide guidance on what information to include in the report.
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if a present-day person believes in the great sport myth, they probably believe that
A person who believes in the great sport myth is likely to believe that sports are an integral part of life and that success in sports is the key to success in life.
They may view sports as a way to develop skills and build character, and believe that participating in sports can lead to greater opportunities and achievements in life. They may also view sports as a form of entertainment, which can bring people together and build strong relationships. The person may also believe that sports play an important role in society, teaching important values such as teamwork, dedication, and hard work. Ultimately, the person may believe that sports can be a key factor in leading to a successful, fulfilling life.
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a ringing alarm clock is put under a glass jar. the air is slowly removed from the space around it. what will happen as the air is removed?
The loudness of the sound will decrease if the air is removed from the space around alarm clock.
When it comes to sound, air is an important factor in determining loudness. If there is no air in the space around an alarm clock, the sound will be decreased. This is because sound waves need something to bounce off of and propagate through, which is not possible in an environment with no air.
Therefore, removing air from the space around the alarm clock will decrease the loudness of the sound it produces. The sound of an alarm clock can be a jarring and unwelcome intrusion into the silence of the morning. It is a loud, persistent beeping that can be difficult to ignore.
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What is a lingering sign of Ottoman influence in Eastern Europe today?
Elaborate designs by folk artists feature Arabic script.
Several communities of Muslims remain in existence.
Christian churches include portraits of Islamic figures.
Laws based on Sharia principles are still on the books.
One choice question
The correct answer (c) Christian churches include portraits of Islamic figures.
Ottomans helped to develop hospitals and healthcare, and they witnessed advances in medicine, mining, and military technology. They also established a leading observatory in Istanbul and over 300 learning centers known as medreses.
Ottoman music influenced Western musicians such as Mozart and Beethoven, giving their compositions an exotic flavor. Because of the diversity of language, culture, and religion, art became a unifying factor, and sultans created symbols expressly to unite their lands and demonstrate their power.
Ottomans helped to develop hospitals and healthcare, and they witnessed advances in medicine, mining, and military technology. They also established a leading observatory in Istanbul and over 300 learning centers known as medreses.
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federal officials said this week that classified documents had been found at locations associated with president biden. how were the documents found?
Federal officials said this week that classified documents had been found at president Biden's former office.
President Biden's Delaware residence was inspected by the FBI, who also found six other documents with classified markings and took some of his notes. The search was conducted more than a week after Mr. Biden's attorneys discovered six classified documents from his time serving as vice president in the president's private library and about three months after they discovered a small number of confidential records at his former Washington, D.C., offices.
It followed Mr. Biden's daylong insistence that "there's no there there" regarding the document revelations, which have turned into a political headache as he gets ready to run for reelection and undermined his attempts to project an air of propriety to the public following the turbulent presidency of his predecessor.
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The main reason why correlational studies cannot be used to determine cause-and-effect (causation) is that
O correlational studies usually only have positive results, which makes them unreliable.
O correlational studies are usually unethical.
O the researcher does not manipulate any of the variables in a correlational study.
O correlational studies are not as easy to read on a graph.
O correlational studies are too complicated.
The main reason why correlational studies cannot be used to determine cause-and-effect (causation) is that the researcher does not manipulate any of the variables in a correlational study.
What kind of correlational study is this, specifically?We would learn all the jingles and associate them with the respective pizza trucks if there were several different pizza trucks in the vicinity, each with a unique jingle. In this case, the "jingle" and "distance of the truck" variables are established as a relationship using correlational research, which is exactly what it is.
Why do correlational studies differ from experimental ones?You can alter an independent variable and see the impact it has on a dependent variable by using an experimental design. In order to prevent them from affecting the outcomes, other variables are regulated. You don't change any variables when using a correlational design to measure them.
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a driver be cited for drowsy driving. select one: a. will b. could c. might d. none of the above
A driver cannot be cited for drowsy driving. The answer is none of the above.
Drowsy driving is a serious problem and can have deadly consequences. When drivers become fatigued behind the wheel, their reaction time, alertness, and decision-making skills are all drastically impacted. Studies have shown that driving after being awake for 18 hours is equivalent to having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.05%, which is the legal limit in most states.
Furthermore, drivers who have slept for fewer than five hours in the last 24 hours are more likely to be involved in a crash than drivers who have slept for at least seven hours. To ensure your safety on the roads, make sure to get plenty of rest before a long drive, and if you find yourself feeling tired while driving, pull over and take a nap before continuing.
Hence, the correct option is "D".
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Which event started the Boston Massacre?
A. Colonists attacked and killed British soldiers.
B. Native Americans were attacked by colonists searching for land.
C. British soldiers fired on a crowd of angry colonists.
D. Colonists threw barrels of tea into Boston Harbor
pls help
Answer:
C. British soldiers fired on a crowd of angry colonists.
Explanation:
in the experimental design, neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's assignment (test or placebo) or the outcome of the study until it is completed. a. animal model b. case control c. double-blinded d. epidemiological
In the experimental design, neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's assignment (test or placebo) or the outcome of the study until it is completed is- double blinded
In this case, Option C is correct
A kind of clinical study in which neither the participants nor the researcher are aware of the treatment or intervention that each participant is receiving until the study is complete.Blinding techniques that are frequently used in clinical research include single-, double-, and triple-blinding. In a single-blind study, the participants are not made aware of which study treatment, if any, they are receiving. In a double-blind study, both the participants and the researchers are unaware of the treatment allocation. Each subject's group assignment is kept a secret from both them and the researcher running the experiment in a double-blind study. There is a chance that participants' actions could change in a way that would affect the outcomes if they are aware of their group assignment.To know more about double blinded here
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Double-blinded is an experimental design in which neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of each participant's assignment (test or placebo) or the outcome of the study until it is completed.
This helps to eliminate the potential bias that may arise from the researcher's expectations of the results, or from the participant's expectations of the treatment. In a double-blinded study, the participant and/or researcher are not informed as to which participants are receiving the treatment and which are receiving the placebo. This ensures that both the participants and the researchers do not have any preconceived notions about the outcome of the study, which can skew the results.
Furthermore, it can help to eliminate the placebo effect, which can occur when participants report positive results due to their expectation of the treatment regardless of its actual effect.
Double-blinded studies are the gold standard for evidence-based research, and are commonly used in the medical, pharmaceutical, and psychological fields.
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Suppose all the offspring of a white hen and a black roster are grey. What is the simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritance?
a. linkage
b. sex-linked traits
c. incomplete dominance
d. independent assortment
Heterozygous
The simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritance is c. incomplete dominance.
In incomplete dominance, neither allele is dominant over the other, and the phenotype of the offspring is a blend of the traits of both parents. In this case, a white hen and a black rooster both have different alleles for feather color, and their offspring expresses a grey feather color, which is a blend of the white and black.
The simplest explanation for this pattern of inheritance he simplest explanation for the pattern of grey offspring from a white hen and a black rooster is incomplete dominance, where neither allele is dominant and the phenotype of the offspring is a blend of the traits of both parents.
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David Ludden, Ph. D., points out in Psychology Today that one reason music may be a universal language is that the same components that make up music—pitch, rhythm, and tempo—are also present in everyday speech no matter what language you’re speaking.
We can agree with David Ludden's psychological approach about music being a universal language for musicality in tone and rhythm, similar to spoken language.
Is music a universal language?This thesis can be corroborated through scientific studies that point out that music is capable of creating different emotions and psychological contexts in human beings capable of calming down, bringing relaxation and joy.
Therefore, the same speech resources that are tone, rhythm and time are also present in musical melodies, which suggests that music is a means of communication, expression and emotion used by individuals.
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